Chained and Tandem Fixed-Interval Schedule Performance and Frequency of Primary Reinforcement

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Primary Reinforcement ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
Reinforcement Frequency ◽  
Chained Schedule ◽  
Fixed Interval Schedule ◽  
Discriminative Stimuli ◽  
Absolute Response Rate ◽  
Schedule Performance

Performance of pigeons on a three component chained fixed interval schedule and a three component tandem fixed interval schedule was investigated as a function of reinforcement frequency in the terminal components. Stimuli in the chained schedule functioned as discriminative stimuli, demonstrated by absolute response rate differences between comparable chain and tandem schedule components. Absolute differences between chain and tandem response rates of the first two components were relatively invariant when reinforcement frequency in the terminal component was varied.

scholarly journals The Reinforcement Magnitude of Flavored Stimulus Interferes with Omission Effects in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. O. Bueno ◽  
Danielle M. Judice-Daher ◽  
Henrique G. Deliberato
Keyword(s):  
Response Rates ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
Temporal Control ◽  
Reinforcement Schedules ◽  
Fixed Interval Schedule ◽  
Discriminative Stimuli ◽  
Reinforcement Magnitude ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Reinforcement omission effects (ROEs) have beeninterpreted as behavioral transient facilitation after nonreinforcement inducedby primary frustration, and/or behavioral transient inhibition afterreinforcement induced by demotivation or temporal control. According to frustrationtheory, the size of the ROEs should depend directly on the reinforcementmagnitude: the behavioral facilitation after thereinforcement omission of larger magnitude should be greater than that observedafter the reinforcement omission of smaller magnitude. However, studiesinvolving operant paradigms have presenteddifficulty to demonstrate this relationship. Thus, the present study aimed toclarify the relationship between reinforcement magnitude and ROEsmanipulating the magnitude linked to discriminative stimuli in a partialreinforcement fixed interval schedule. Rats were trained on a fixed-interval 12 s with limitedhold 6 s signaled schedule in which correct responses were always followed byone of two reinforcement magnitudes (0.5 and 0.05 ml of a 0.15% saccharinsolution). After acquisition of stable performance, the training was changedfrom 100% to 50% reinforcement schedules. The results showed that responserates were higher after omission than after reinforcement delivery. Besides,results showed that response rates were highest after the reinforcementomission of larger magnitude than of smaller magnitude. However, thefindings did not support the hypothesis that the reinforcement omission of largemagnitude induces greater behavioral facilitation than the reinforcementomission of smaller magnitude. The data were interpreted in terms of ROEsmultiple process behavioral facilitation after nonreinforcement and behavioraltransient inhibition after reinforcement.

Behaviour of Humans in Concurrent Schedules Programmed on Spatially Separated Operanda

1979 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ruddle ◽  
C. M. Bradshaw ◽  
E. Szabadi ◽  
P. Bevan
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Perfect Matching ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Variable Interval ◽  
Choice Situation ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
Reinforcement Frequency ◽  
Continuous Choice ◽  
Absolute Response Rate ◽  
Matching Equation

Six human subjects responded on either of two levers for monetary reinforcement in a continuous choice situation. Responses on one lever (lever A) were reinforced at different frequencies specified by five variable-interval schedules. Reinforcements for responding on the other lever (lever B) were delivered according to a variable-interval schedule of standard reinforcement frequency. Results indicated that absolute response rate on lever A increased, while absolute response rate on lever B decreased as a function of reinforcement frequency for lever A. In terms of preference, the data conformed closely to Baum's (1974) generalized matching equation. Performances departing from perfect matching were obtained in four cases, but these deviations were not systematic either in the direction of overmatching or undermatching.

Morphine and heroin effects on multiple fixed-interval schedule performance in rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah M. Rhodus ◽  
Timothy F. Elsmore ◽  
Frederick J. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
Fixed Interval Schedule ◽  
Schedule Performance

The Effects of Variable-Interval and Fixed-Interval Signal Presentation Schedules on the Auditory Evoked Response

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Nelson ◽  
Frank M. Lassman ◽  
Richard L. Hoel
Keyword(s):  
Variable Interval ◽  
Tone Burst ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
Sensation Level ◽  
Fixed Interval Schedule ◽  
Auditory Evoked Responses ◽  
Auditory Evoked Response ◽  
Signal Presentation

Averaged auditory evoked responses to 1000-Hz 20-msec tone bursts were obtained from normal-hearing adults under two different intersignal interval schedules: (1) a fixed-interval schedule with 2-sec intersignal intervals, and (2) a variable-interval schedule of intersignal intervals ranging randomly from 1.0 sec to 4.5 sec with a mean of 2 sec. Peak-to-peak amplitudes (N 1 — P 2 ) as well as latencies of components P 1 , N 1 , P 2 , and N 2 were compared under the two different conditions of intersignal interval. No consistent or significant differences between variable- and fixed-interval schedules were found in the averaged responses to signals of either 20 dB SL or 50 dB SL. Neither were there significant schedule differences when 35 or 70 epochs were averaged per response. There were, however, significant effects due to signal amplitude and to the number of epochs averaged per response. Response amplitude increased and response latency decreased with sensation level of the tone burst.

scholarly journals A FIXED INTERVAL SCHEDULE IN WHICH THE INTERVAL IS INITIATED BY A RESPONSE

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Mechner ◽  
Laurence Guevrekian ◽  
Vicki Mechner
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Interval ◽  
Interval Schedule ◽  
Fixed Interval Schedule
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