Effects of Event Schedules and External Incentives on Discrimination of Acquisition and Extinction Phases of Learning under State Instructions

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 839-845
Author(s):  
Harold R. Keller ◽  
Ronald K. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Probability Learning ◽  
Sixth Graders ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
College Females ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
External Incentives ◽  
External Incentive

2 probability learning studies were conducted, each employing 64 Ss (one with sixth graders and one with college females) in a 2 × 4 factorial design combining external incentives (noncontingent feedback and monetary incentive for accuracy) and event schedules (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). All Ss were given state instructions which, in effect, required Ss to indicate (via a written “yes” or “no” response) whether they were in an experimental state of acquisition or extinction. While there were no differences in acquisition for the college Ss, there were differences in terminal acquisition among the sixth graders—contrary to prediction. The partial reinforcement effect was supported. The interaction between external incentive, event schedule, and trials was also significant, suggesting that monetary incentive for accuracy, with Ss responding under state instructions, served to elicit more accurate discriminations of the acquisition and extinction phases.

Effects of Event Schedules, Event Values, and Instructions on Ability of College Males to Discriminate Acquisition from Extinction

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-965
Author(s):  
Ronald K. Parker ◽  
Harold R. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Probability Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
College Males ◽  
Probability Learning Task ◽  
Extinction Event

A probability learning task was used with 60 college males, in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design combining event schedules (50% and 100%), event values (high and low), and instructions (state and trial). Trial instructions required Ss to indicate whether they expected an event to occur on the next trial only while state instructions required Ss to indicate in effect whether they were in an experimental state of acquisition or extinction. The two sets of instructions produced distinctly different behavior in acquisition and extinction. Event value interacted significantly with event schedule in acquisition and with instructions in extinction. The partial reinforcement effect appeared under both instructional conditions. The event value by event schedule interaction was in the predicted direction but was nonsignificant. Utility of state instructions for studying acquisition and extinction phenomena would be enhanced by requiring Ss to respond under both state and trial instructions as here.

Effects of Drive and Partial Reinforcement on Extinction Both between and within Daily Sessions

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-885
Author(s):  
William P. Dunlap ◽  
Lawrence Dachowski
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Straight Alley ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Frustration Theory ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Low Speed

40 albino rats were assigned randomly to the cells of a 2 × 2 factorial design consisting of per cent reinforcement (50% and 100%) by deprivation (high and low). Speed measures were obtained from two segments of a straight-alley runway for 80 acquisition and 56 extinction trials with 4 trials given per day. Deprivation effects were found over the closely spaced trials within daily sessions for both acquisition and extinction. In extinction the interaction of drive and per cent reinforcement within daily sessions lends support to a frustration-theory explanation of extinction behavior. The lack of deprivation-produced differences in the size of the partial reinforcement effect over days is also consistent with this explanation.

Note on Frustration Theory and the Partial Reinforcement Effect following a Few Acquisition Trials

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-82
Author(s):  
A. M. Padilla
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Acquisition Training ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Frustration Theory ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Acquisition Process ◽  
Early Acquisition

Frustration theory (Amsel, 1958) is unable to explain partial reinforcement effects following limited acquisition training. It is suggested that attempts to explain these findings may have implications for conditioning theories in general, and that more attention should be given to the early acquisition process.

Resistance to Extinction: A Test of the Discrimination Hypothesis

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Dubanoski ◽  
Howard R. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Resistance To Extinction ◽  
Discrimination Hypothesis

To test the discrimination hypothesis of the partial reinforcement effect in extinction, partial or continuous reinforcement trials were interpolated between the initial training trials of partial or continuous reinforcement and the extinction period. 112 children from Grades 2 and 3 participated in one of four conditions. Children receiving two consecutive blocks of partial reinforcement showed the greatest resistance to extinction, children receiving two consecutive blocks of continuous reinforcement showed the weakest resistance, and those receiving partial reinforcement followed by continuous reinforcement or vice versa showed intermediate levels of resistance. Discrimination between training and extinction does not seem to be the critical factor involved in the partial reinforcement effect. The results were discussed in terms of a stimulus analyzer or a sequential analysis model.

scholarly journals PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT EFFECT IN HUMAN LEARNING

1977 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
MASATO ISHIDA ◽  
SUMIKO NAKAMARU ◽  
YOSHIMASA HABU ◽  
KATSUTOSHI NAKATSUKA ◽  
HIROSHI YOSHIOKA
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Human Learning ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforcement Effect

N-Length and Intertrial Reward

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean L. Fixsen ◽  
Susan Swick Mc Bee ◽  
Patrick E. Campbell ◽  
Charles M. Crumbaugh
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Partial Reward ◽  
Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Resistance To Extinction

2 experiments investigating the effects of intertrial reward on resistance to extinction following partial reward schedules containing N-lengths (number of consecutive nonrewards preceding a rewarded trial) of 1, 2, or 3. It was found that intertrial rewards completely eliminated the partial reinforcement effect for all N-lengths when run times were considered but had no effect on goal times. These data were discussed in terms of their relevance to the modified aftereffects hypothesis and previous investigations of intertrial reward.

scholarly journals Effects of alcohol on the partial reinforcement effect

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 371-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Taylor ◽  
Robert Lehr ◽  
David F. Berger ◽  
Cynthia A. Terry
Keyword(s):  
Partial Reinforcement Effect ◽  
Partial Reinforcement ◽  
Reinforcement Effect
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