Factors Affecting Occurrence of Experimental Repression

1973 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Richard J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Aversive Stimulus ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Retroactive Inhibition ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stimulus Contingency ◽  
Paired Associates ◽  
Experimentally Induced

The present study was carried out to determine what effect such nonpersonality factors as the intensity of an aversive stimulus and the type of stimulus contingency had on the demonstration of experimentally induced repression. Using a modified retroactive inhibition paradigm, it was found that the contingent as opposed to the noncontingent use of the aversive stimulus significantly affected the occurrence of experimental repression; however, this effect depended on the intensity level of the stimulus used. The results also suggest that experimental repression can occur whether the aversive stimulus is made contingent on either the response terms or the stimulus terms of the paired-associates used. These findings are discussed with respect to their congruence with the punishment literature, and the occurrence of experimental repression is explained in terms of an avoidance conditioning hypothesis based on Estes' theory.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the intelligibility of high-intensity-level-based speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. EL151-EL157
Author(s):  
Danying Xu ◽  
Fei Chen ◽  
Fan Pan ◽  
Dingchang Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Using Accelerometry for Evaluating Energy Consumption and Running Intensity Distribution Throughout a Marathon According to Sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6196
Author(s):  
Carlos Hernando ◽  
Carla Hernando ◽  
Ignacio Martinez-Navarro ◽  
Eladio Collado-Boira ◽  
Nayara Panizo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Intensity Distribution ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting

The proportion of females participating in long-distance races has been increasing in the last years. Although it is well-known that there are differences in how females and males face a marathon, higher research may be done to fully understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting sex differences in endurance performance. In this work, we used triaxial accelerometer devices to monitor 74 males and 14 females, aged 30 to 45 years, who finished the Valencia Marathon in 2016. Moreover, marathon split times were provided by organizers. Several physiological traits and training habits were collected from each participant. Then, we evaluated several accelerometry- and pace-estimated parameters (pacing, average change of speed, energy consumption, oxygen uptake, running intensity distribution and running economy) in female and male amateur runners. In general, our results showed that females maintained a more stable pacing and ran at less demanding intensity throughout the marathon, limiting the decay of running pace in the last part of the race. In fact, females ran at 4.5% faster pace than males in the last kilometers. Besides, their running economy was higher than males (consumed nearly 19% less relative energy per distance) in the last section of the marathon. Our results may reflect well-known sex differences in physiology (i.e., muscle strength, fat metabolism, VO2max), and in running strategy approach (i.e., females run at a more conservative intensity level in the first part of the marathon compared to males). The use of accelerometer devices allows coaches and scientific community to constantly monitor a runner throughout the marathon, as well as during training sessions.

Factors Affecting Experimentally Induced Calculous Disease in Sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389
Author(s):  
William D. Davis ◽  
Russell Scott ◽  
H.R. Crookshank ◽  
H.J. Spjut
Keyword(s):  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Effect of Delay and Duration of Punished Extinction following Avoidance Conditioning

1974 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene H. Moffat ◽  
Daniel L. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Avoidance Response ◽  
Avoidance Conditioning ◽  
Aversive Stimulus ◽  
Response Duration ◽  
Delay Group ◽  
Extinction Procedure ◽  
Resistance To Extinction

70 college Ss acquired an avoidance response with omission of recording constituting the aversive stimulus. 60 Ss received a punished extinction procedure in which omission of recording occurred either 0, 3, or 6 sec. after a response. Duration of recording omission in each delay group was either 5 or 15 sec. Ten Ss received a normal CS-only extinction procedure. Results indicated that resistance to extinction was directly related to the delay intervals. Duration did not differentially affect performance during extinction. Greatest resistance to extinction occurred in the CS-only group.

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