Proactive Inhibition as a Result of Activation

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umur Talasli
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Proactive Inhibition ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Initial Recall ◽  
Significant Attenuation ◽  
Presence And Absence

A novel encoding hypothesis that explains proactive inhibition in the Brown-Peterson paradigm was developed and tested in three experiments. This hypothesis argues that initial recall on each trial activates a pool of associates and the encoding of the next trial occurs during such activation. The encoding is facilitated and leaves a weak long-term memory trace. Build-up and release of inhibition, as well as a number of other typical results, are parsimoniously accounted for by such a mechanism. In support of the hypothesis, Exps. 1 and 2 demonstrated significant accentuation of proactive inhibition with increased activation both in the presence and absence of inter-trial category relationship. Exp. 3 showed significant attenuation of proactive inhibition as activation decayed. Increase in latency of recall with increased activation was also noted.

Impairments to Consolidation, Reconsolidation, and Long-Term Memory Maintenance Lead to Memory Erasure

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josué Haubrich ◽  
Matteo Bernabo ◽  
Andrew G. Baker ◽  
Karim Nader
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Direct Approach ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Retrieval Failure ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
The Brain

An enduring problem in neuroscience is determining whether cases of amnesia result from eradication of the memory trace (storage impairment) or if the trace is present but inaccessible (retrieval impairment). The most direct approach to resolving this question is to quantify changes in the brain mechanisms of long-term memory (BM-LTM). This approach argues that if the amnesia is due to a retrieval failure, BM-LTM should remain at levels comparable to trained, unimpaired animals. Conversely, if memories are erased, BM-LTM should be reduced to resemble untrained levels. Here we review the use of BM-LTM in a number of studies that induced amnesia by targeting memory maintenance or reconsolidation. The literature strongly suggests that such amnesia is due to storage rather than retrieval impairments. We also describe the shortcomings of the purely behavioral protocol that purports to show recovery from amnesia as a method of understanding the nature of amnesia.

The Biochemical Basis of Long-Term Memory

1969 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Roberts ◽  
Louis B. Flexner
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Actual Knowledge

Learning and memory are important elements of our daily lives, familiar to all through introspection. Yet the mechanisms underlying these processes are still for the most part unknown. Here are problems which combine a maximum of intrinsic and practical interest with a minimum of actual knowledge and understanding. Years of our lives are dedicated to the formation of certain long-term memories and behaviour patterns, yet we have only rudimentary notions of how such ‘schooling’ is best accomplished. There is no certainty in any aspect of the process. We are not sure whether relatively few cells or millions participate in a memory trace; whether these cells change as a whole, or whether the changes are limited to synaptic regions. In fact, we cannot be certain whether the changes are confined to the neurones or whether the glia also participate.

The pharmacology of long-term memory

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesare Mondadori
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Enhancing ◽  
Better Than

If information enters memory under the influence of a memory-enhancing substance, for about 16 hours thereafter the recollection of that information is no better than if it had been acquired without any treatment. Later tests of retention, however, performed one or more days, or even weeks, after the experience, show a drug-induced improvement of memory. Memory-enhancing compounds thus appear to facilitate the formation of the long-term memory trace. On the assumption that differences between treated and untreated animals emerge from that moment on when memory is based on the products of the processes modulated by the drugs, it can be postulated that long-term memory comes into play after about 16–20 hours.

scholarly journals Consolidation of an Olfactory Memory Trace in the Olfactory Bulb Is Required for Learning-Induced Survival of Adult-Born Neurons and Long-Term Memory

PLoS ONE ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. e12118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Kermen ◽  
Sébastien Sultan ◽  
Joëlle Sacquet ◽  
Nathalie Mandairon ◽  
Anne Didier
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Olfactory Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Adult Born Neurons
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