Features of the Supramolecular Cell-Genetic Organization of E. Coli in Engineering Aspects of Biotechnology

Recently, there has been a keen interest in the physicochemical features of self-organizing spatio-temporal, heteropolymer-supramolecular assemblies, in which the system of components of the fluctuation dynamics of surface protein groups is evolutionarily selected for the implementation of morphogenetic processes of ontogenesis.That is, evolution created chemical compounds, the exceptional organization of which ensured the fulfillment of the most complex and precise tasks.In this research, the bacterial cell ofE. coli was considered in the concept of supramolecular science, where, in accordance with the informational development program based on the principles of molecular recognition, phase ensembles appear, which are characterized by a certain organization, depending on the phase growth of the population culture. In this respect, proteomic super-molecular physicochemistry can be considered as physicochemical or molecular informatics.Arginine is of interest because almost all of its molecule is active and undergoes obligatory interactions both with DNA and with other histones and non-histones. The results of this study demonstrated the super-protein surface of supramolecular assemblies, the flexible system PPCС-E.coli, active zones, dynamics of continuity, positioning topologicalspatio-temporal Arg-protease-processing, local areas of the nucleoid system, and interrelations at the level of: Bp-liquid crystal-bacterioplasma; NsCo-fragile, PsCo-tightly bound to the cell remainder; and in the Co-cell remainder itself. These data may be of practical interest in various engineering aspects of biotechnology. Keywords: arginine protease processing, supramolecules, E.coli, phase protein, super-molecules.

Effect of Berry Extracts on Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast

Introduction. Fruit and berry extracts contain biologically active components and acids that can inhibit or activate Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The research objective was to study the effect of berry extracts on the activity of baking yeast S. cerevisiae and the biochemical properties of wheat dough. Study objects and methods. The experiment featured baking yeast Extra and dry berry extracts of raspberries, aronia, sea buckthorn, and rosehip (LLC Wisterra, Altai Region). The study involved standard and industry-specific control methods of raw materials and semi-finished bakery products, as well as som e standard methods of microbiological analysis. Results and discussion. The raspberry extract (3–4%) suppressed the growth and reproduction of the yeast: after 1 h of exposure, the yeast cell count dropped by 1.5–2 times compared to the control sample. The stimulating effect of the sea buckthorn extract increased the growth rate of yeast cells (up to 40% compared to the control). The extracts of aronia and rosehip had practically no effect on the growth rate of yeast cells. However, 2–3% aronia extract increased the fermentation of the dough, as evidenced by a higher dough fermentation property, which was 2 min versus 3 min at the control after 150 min of exposure. Fruit and berry extracts caused a natural increase in the acidity of the dough, which affected the growth rate of yeast cells. Sea buckthorn extracts increased the acidity so much (up to 4.24 pH units) that it could be regarded as acid stress, which increased the growth rate of yeast cells (1.53×106–1.55×106 vs. 1.10×106 in 1 mL of control sample). The lowest growth rate was detected in the samples with the raspberry extract, which is known to have a strong fungistatic effect: the count of yeast cells decreased by 1.5–2 times after an hour of fermentation. Conclusion. Berry extracts can be of practical interest to bakery enterprises as they help to control yeast fermentation and dough maturation time.

Geological structure and localization of mineralization at the Moryanikho-Merkurikhinskoye ore field

The paper discusses the lithological and facial features of the terrigenous-carbonate (biohermic) ore-bearing geological formation of the Moryanikho-Merkurikhinskoye ore field (Yenisei Ridge), which hosts stratiform lead-zinc deposits in carbonate strata. Ore-hosting lithofacies and their paleostructural position are characterized. Based on the previous studies, as well as the author’s own materials obtained as a result of field work, the main favorable lithological, facial and structural factors for hosting Moryanikhinsky-type stratiform lead-zinc mineralization are defined: the presence of paleodepressions within the shelf zone; development of carbonate rocks – dolomites, stromatolite dolomites and limestones, which are biohermic structures on the slopes of paleo-uplifts; the presence of an admixture of tuffaceous material in terrigenous rock varieties. The influence of tectonic faults on the formation of ore deposits and the morphology of ore bodies is indicated. The main types of ores of the Moryanikho- Merkurikhinsky ore field, as well as their mineral composition are described. The paper discusses the main ore types, as well as their mineral composition typical of the Moryanikho-Merkurikhinskoye ore field. The largest and well-studied lead and zinc stratiform Moryanikhinskoye deposit and Merkurikhinskoye ore occurrence located within the ore field are briefly characterized. The Moryanikhinskoye deposit is a typical example for searching for stratiform deposits of lead and zinc in the carbonate strata of the Angara-Bolshepitskaya mineragenic zone, which is of practical interest in developing predictive prospecting models of deposits and improving the efficiency of prospecting.

Innovative technology of the process of disinfection and inactivation of antinutrients in compound feeds using liquid components

Научный и практический интересы представляют процессы обеззараживания и инактивации антипитательных веществ в комбикормах. Известны разные технологии обеззараживания (например, нагрев, давление, растворы антимикробных препаратов и другие новые технологии) для повышения эффективности снижения риска заболеваний не только животных и птиц, но и людей. Процессы обеззараживания и инактивации антипитательных веществ может применяться к широкому набору пищевых продуктов и к сырью комбикормовой промышленности. Однако необходимо провести дальнейшие исследования, чтобы понять кинетику инактивации антипитательных веществ в комбикормах для достижения приемлемой технологии обеззараживания. Исследовано влияние гидротермической обработки на поверхностную и глубинную микрофлору зернового сырья. С увеличением времени обработки пшеница и ячмень, искусственно зараженные, а также зараженные естественным способом, были обеззаражены предлагаемым способом на 100 %. Получены химико-технологические характеристики кондиционированного зерна, результаты которых представлены для процессов пропаривания и охлаждения. Установлено, что с увеличением температуры влажность пропаренных и увлажненных зерен пшеницы возрастает с 15,2 до 21,7 %, для зерен ячменя - с 15,3 до 12,8 %. При этом исходная влажность пшеницы составила 10,8 %, а ячменя - 11,2 %. Определено, что при увеличении продолжительности пропаривания и увлажнения зерен пшеницы давление уменьшается с 0,15 до 0,19 МПа и уменьшается расход пара с 85 до 60 кг/т. Анализ физико-механических свойств для пшеницы и ячменя показал, что объемная масса исследуемых образцов возросла. Угол естественного откоса составил для пшеницы 45-48, для ячменя 43-50. Трехстадийную технологию гидротермической обработки комбикормов рекомендуется использовать в трехсекционном реакторе-кондиционере, в котором продукт равномерно кондиционируется с инактивацией антипитательных веществ, обеззараживается и частично желатинизируется. The processes of anti-nutrients disinfection and inactivation in compound feeds are of scientific and practical interest. Various disinfection technologies are known (for example, heating, pressure, solutions of antimicrobial preparations and other new technologies) to increase the effectiveness of diseases risk reducing not only for animals and birds, but for humans as well. The processes of anti-nutrients desinfection and inactivation can be applied to a wide variety of food products and feedstock raw materials. However, further research is necessary to understand the kinetics of anti-nutrients inactivation in compound feeds to achieve an acceptable disinfection technology. The influence of hydrothermal treatment on the surface and deep microflora of grain raw materials was investigated in the work. With an increase in the processing time, both artificially infected and naturally infected wheat and barley were 100 % disinfected with the method proposed. Chemical- and technological characteristics of conditioned grain were received. Their results are presented for the steaming and cooling processes. It was found out that with an increase in temperature, the humidity of steamed and moistened wheat grains increases from 15.2 to 21.7 %, and of barley grains from 15.3 to 12.8 %. At the same time, the initial moisture content of wheat was 10.8 %, and of barley - 11.2 %. It was determined that with an increase in the duration of steaming and moistening of wheat grains, the pressure decreases from 0.15 to 0.19 MPa, and the steam consumption decreases from 85 to 60 kg/t. Analysis of wheat and barley physical- and mechanical properties revealed that the bulk density of the samples studied increased. The repose angle was 45-48 for wheat and 43-50 for barley. It is recommended to use a three-stage technology of compound feed hydrothermal treatment in a three-section reactor-conditioner. The product is uniformly conditioned with anti-nutrients inactivation, disinfected and partially gelatinized in it.

Interactions in ternary bismuth-containing molybdate systems M2MoO4-Bi2(MoO4)3-Zr(MoO4)2 in the subsolidus region

A fundamental problem in materials science consists in establishing a relationship between the chemical composition, structure, and properties of materials. This issue can be solved through the study of multicomponent systems and the directed synthesis of promising compounds. Of practical interest here are active dielectrics that are based on complex oxide compounds, specifically molybdates. Among complex molybdates and tungstates, ternary caged molybdates of the following structural types are of greatest importance: nasicon, perovskite, langbeinite, etc. Due to their widely varying elemental and quantitative compositions, such molybdates are convenient models for structural and chemical design, as well as the establishment of “composition–structure– properties” genetic relationships. Bismuth-containing complex molybdate systems exhibit the formation of phases having ferro-piezoelectric, ionic, and other properties. In this work, the Rb2MoO4–Bi2(MoO4)3–Zr(MoO4)2 ter nary salt system was studied for the first time using the method of intersecting sections in the subsolidus region (450–650 ℃). To this end, quasibinary sections were identified; triangulation was performed. Ternary molybdates Rb5BiZr(MoO4)6 and Rb2BiZr2(MoO4)6,5 were formed in the system using a ceramic technology. These compounds are isostructural to the previously obtained REE molybdates (M5LnZr(MoO4)6) but contain trivalent bismuth instead of rare earth elements. The structure of Rb5BiZr(MoO4)6 was adjusted via the Rietveld refinement technique using the TOPAS 4.2 software package. The ternary molybdate crystallizes in a trigonal system, with the following unit cell parameters of the R`3c space group: a = 10.7756(2) and c = 39.0464(7) Å. According to the studies of thermal properties exhibited by M5BiZr(MoO4)6, these ternary molybdates undergo the first-order phase transition in the temperature range of 450–600 ºC. The IR and Raman spectra of M5BiZr(MoO4)6 reveal the crystallization of ternary molybdates in the R`3c space group. The conducted comparative characterization of M2MoO4–Bi2(MoO4)3–Zr(MoO4)2 phase diagrams suggests that the phase equilibria of these systems depend on the nature of molybdates of monovalent elements.

De novo assembly and inferred functional annotation of the transcriptome of Heterosigma akashiwo

Heterosigma akashiwo is a eukaryotic, cosmopolitan, and unicellular alga (class: Raphidophyceae), and produces fish-killing blooms. There is a substantial scientific and practical interest in its ecophysiological characteristics that determine bloom dynamics and its adaptation to broad climate zones. A well-annotated genomic/genetic sequence information enables researchers to characterize organisms using modern molecular technology. The Chloroplast and the mitochondrial genome sequences and transcriptome sequence assembly (TSA) datasets with limited sizes for H. akashiwo are available in NCBI nucleotide database on December 2021: there is no doubt that more genetic information of the species will greatly enhance the progress of biological characterization of the species. Here, we conducted H. akashiwo RNA sequencing, a de novo transcriptome assembly (NCBI TSA ICRV01) of a large number of high-quality short-read sequences, and the functional annotation of predicted genes. Based on our transcriptome, we confirmed that the organism possesses genes that were predicted to function in phagocytosis, supporting the earlier observations of H. akashiwo bacterivory. Along with its capability for photosynthesis, the mixotrophy of H. akashiwo may partially explain its high adaptability to various environmental conditions. Our study here will provide an important toehold to decipher H. akashiwo ecophysiology at a molecular level.

Stratified Flow of Micropolar Nanofluid over Riga Plate: Numerical Analysis

In this article, we present a numerical analysis of the energy and mass transport behavior of microrotational flow via Riga plate, considering suction or injection and mixed convection. The thermal stratified parameters of nanofluid are captured using an interpretation of the well-known Keller box model, which helps us to determine the characteristic properties of the physical parameters. The formulated boundary layer equations (nonlinear partial differential equations) are transformed into coupled ODEs with nonlinearities for the stratified controlled regimes. The impact of embedded flow and all physical quantities of practical interest, such as velocity, temperature, and concentration profile, are inspected and presented through tables and graphs. We found that the heat transfer on the surface decreases for the temperature stratification factor as mass transfer increases. Additionally, the fluid velocity increases as the modified Hartmann number increases.

De novo assembly and inferred functional annotation of the transcriptome of Heterosigma akashiwo

Heterosigma akashiwo is a eukaryotic, cosmopolitan, and unicellular alga (class: Raphidophyceae), and produces fish-killing blooms. There is a substantial scientific and practical interest in its ecophysiological characteristics that determine bloom dynamics and its adaptation to broad climate zones. A well-annotated genomic/genetic sequence information enables researchers to characterize organisms using modern molecular technology. The Chloroplast and the mitochondrial genome sequences and transcriptome sequence assembly (TSA) datasets with limited sizes for H. akashiwo are available in NCBI nucleotide database on December 2021: there is no doubt that more genetic information of the species will greatly enhance the progress of biological characterization of the species. Here, we conducted H. akashiwo RNA sequencing, a de novo transcriptome assembly (NCBI TSA ICRV01) of a large number of high-quality short-read sequences, and the functional annotation of predicted genes. Based on our transcriptome, we confirmed that the organism possesses genes that were predicted to function in phagocytosis, supporting the earlier observations of H. akashiwo bacterivory. Along with its capability for photosynthesis, the mixotrophy of H. akashiwo may partially explain its high adaptability to various environmental conditions. Our study here will provide an important toehold to decipher H. akashiwo ecophysiology at a molecular level.

The Influence of Family Factors on the Academic Performance of Schoolchildren and University Students: Review of Foreign Studies

The family is an informal institution that has a strong influence on the child and on his or her academic performance in particular. Family influence is more essential in childhood, because at a young age children depend a lot on their parents. The nature of relationships between children and parents as well as the role of family in general can change as children grow up. This is a literature review of foreign empirical studies leading to further development of a research program of the influence of family factors on the performance of schoolchildren and students in Russia. In most of the cases, the authors focus on the performance of one group - either schoolchildren or students. This paper considers the research question of whether family factors, which have proven their impact on schoolchildren academic performance, retain their impact on the performance of university students. The novelty of the review lies in its consideration of three ways in which the family impacts on student’s performance: the socio-economic status of the family, the social capital of the family, and the parental involvement in the educational process. The first two ways have been extensively studied in the research, while parental involvement is often considered as a significant factor in school performance. However, it is underestimated as factor in a university student’s performance. The review confirmed that family factors have a significant positive impact on academic performance for both schoolchildren and students. This influence depends on the nature of the relationship between parents and children and can change over time. The results are of practical interest for the researchers in the field of education and psychology, educational institutions as well as for parents. The empirical analysis of parental involvement influence on the academic performance of university students may be one of the possible research themes.

Clinical case of arteriovenous malformation

Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a congenital malformation of cerebral vessels, associated with an abnormal connection of arteries and veins. The altered locations of the cerebral vascula-ture form a conglomerate that is a direct arteriovenous shunting without intermediate capillaries. The incidence of the disease is 4 cases per 100 thousand population. Clinically, AVM debuts mainly at the age of 20 to 40, and is accompanied by intracranial hemorrhages in 50% to 60% of patients; mortality is 35%. In 27% to 70% of individuals, AVM are manifested by epileptic seizures of various focal origins. In diagnostics, X-ray computed tomography is used to detect hemorrhage in case of a ruptured malformation; magnetic resonance imaging, including angiography, to assess the AVM node, afferent vessels and venous drainage. Currently, the only radical treatment for AVM is surgical removal of the malformation. This is feasible for small and medium-sized AVMs of cerebral vessels (36% to 50% of patients), since removal of large AVMs and AVMs located in functionally important areas, even microsurgically, is associated with a high risk of death and disability. A clinical case of a 30-year-old young patient with an acute onset of the disease characterized by sudden loss of consciousness and an episode of seizures is presented. Based on the data of clinical and instrumental examination, an AVM of the left parietal lobe with parenchymal-ventricular hemorrhage was revealed. On the day of admission to the hospital in Ryazan, a surgical intervention was performed: external ventriculostomy on the left side. After 4 months the second surgical intervention, removal of AVM of the left parietal region using neurophysiological control was carried out at Burdenko Neurosurgical Hospital in Moscow, Russia. The successful surgical approach has completely eliminated the life-threatening pathology. Subsequently, the patient underwent rehabilitation in a neurological hospital at the place of residence. CONCLUSION: The topic of AVM is of great practical interest not only for neurosurgeons, but also for neurologists and radiologists, since timely diagnosis and treatment effectiveness directly depend on the coordinated work of these specialists.