Acidic recirculation water and effluents generated by the mining industry and bearing heavy metals can have a significant environmental impact on this region. Due to high concentrations of non-ferrous metals (5.2–300 mg/dm3 Cu; 50–450 g/dm3 Zn), such waters can be used as a raw material for producing concentrates for further recovery of metals from them. This study looked at the recirculation water of the Soryinsk tailings pod, the underspoil waters of the Novo-Shemursk deposit and the Urupsky GOK mine waters. The aim of the study is to develop a process for selective extraction of copper into a product that can be further processed into a final product. The most common techniques used to remove ions of heavy non-ferrous metals from industrial wastewater include neutralization techniques. In this case, however, a considerable share of non-ferrous metals get wasted. At the same time, reagent techniques (e.g. sulphidation in the acidic pH region) enable to selectively extract such metals into concentrates that can then be used in the conventional non-ferrous metal production technology. A sulphur solution in sodium hydroxide was used as a sulphidizer for selective extraction of copper from polycomponent wastewater. The sulphur solution was produced at the temperature of 115–120 oC, the mass ratio NaOH:S of 1:1 and the sulphur concentration of 350 g/dm3. Use of sulphur dissolved in sodium hydroxide helped extract copper in the form of sulphides from complex solutions. It resulted in a high recovery of copper (94–99.9%) and a high-concentration copper concentrate (8.9–27.5%). It was found that iron (III) interacts with sulphide ions forming elemental sulphur, which can be reused for conditioning of copper concentrate in sodium hydroxide. Thus, the sulphur can be reused and the concentration of copper can be increased to 24%. The physical properties of particles in copper sulphide concentrates determine the high rate of solid phase precipitation from the slurry. Sulphide particles are characterized with a high negative charge (–80…–100 mV) and the size of the 90% of the particles reaching 68.9 μm. The authors developed a process flow diagram for extracting copper from low-grade complex solutions. The process involves regular addition of sulphidizer to the existing water flow, detention of a solid copper phase and, when necessary, conditioning of copper concentrate.
Distribution of Non-Ferrous Metals and Na between Matte and Slag in Copper Matte Smelting of Low Grade Secondary Materials