sodium hydroxide
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2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
R. Brovko ◽  
L. Mushinskii ◽  
V. Doluda

The continuous depletion of hydrocarbon sources contributes to a wide study of the use of biorenewable raw materials to obtain synthetic hydrocarbons from them. Isopropyl alcohol is traditionally produced by chemical hydration of propylene, however, with the development of biotechnology, broad prospects have opened for its production by fermentation of glucose-containing substrates obtained from agricultural and forestry waste. This way, isopropyl alcohol can also be considered as a bio-renewable raw material and it can be widely used for the production of chemical synthesis products, including hydrocarbons. One of the possible ways of processing isopropyl alcohol is the catalytic transformation of alcohols on zeolites and zeotypes of various natures with the formation of hydrocarbons. Currently, zeolite H-ZSM-5 and zeotype SAPO-34 are the most frequently used catalysts for the transformation of alcohols into hydrocarbons, however, their rapid deactivation due to the formation of a carbon residue remains an unresolved problem. The formation of core-shell structures with H-ZSM-5 zeolite in center and an outer shell consist of H-Beta zeolite with large pores can reduce the deactivation of zeolite because of increase in reagents diffusion rate. In this article is devoted to synthesis of ZSM-5/Beta sample with a core-shell structure, as well as a study of its catalytic and physicochemical properties. To form the H-ZSM-5 zeolite, a colloidal solution of tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, a colloidal solution of silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, sodium hydroxide of distilled water was used. The colloidal solution was placed in an autoclave, heated to 140 °C and kept at this temperature for 48 hours, after which the crystals formed were centrifuged, washed with distilled water and kept in a 1M solution of ammonium nitrate for a day. Then, to form the H-Beta layer, H-ZSM-5 was suspended in a colloidal solution consisting of tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetraethylammonium chloride, a colloidal solution of silicon oxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride and distilled water. The suspension was placed in an autoclave and kept at a temperature of 140 °C for 48 hours, followed by centrifugation, washing in distilled water, suspended in a 1M solution of ammonium nitrate, with repeated washing with distilled water, drying and calcining at 600 °C. Testing of the synthesized of H-ZSM-5/Beta zeolite sample showed a significant decrease in the rate of deactivation compared to the synthesized sample of H-ZSM-5; it is also necessary to note a slight increase in the fraction of liquid hydrocarbons for the sample H-ZSM-5/Beta.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wannaporn Klangpetch ◽  
Alisa Pattarapisitporn ◽  
Suphat Phongthai ◽  
Niramon Utama-ang ◽  
Thunnop Laokuldilok ◽  
...  

AbstractThe prebiotic properties of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and arabino-xylooligosaccharides (AXOS) produced from rice husk (RH) using microwave treatment combined with enzymatic hydrolysis were evaluated. The RH was subjected to microwave pretreatment at 140, 160 and 180 °C for 5, 10 and 15 min to obtain crude arabinoxylan (AX). Increasing microwave pretreatment time increased sugar content. Crude AX was extracted with 2% (w/v) sodium hydroxide at 25 °C for 24 h and used as a substrate for XOS production by commercial xylanases. Results showed that oligosaccharides produced by Pentopan Mono BG and Ultraflo Max provided xylobiose and xylotriose as the main products. AXOS was also present in the oligosaccharides that promoted growth of Lactobacillus spp. and resisted degradation by over 70% after exposure to simulated human digestion.


Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 331
Author(s):  
Pornchai Rachtanapun ◽  
Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee ◽  
Rafael A. Auras ◽  
Nareekan Chaiwong ◽  
Kittisak Jantanasakulwong ◽  
...  

Carboxymethyl rice starch films were prepared from carboxymethyl rice starch (CMSr) treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 10–50% w/v. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of NaOH concentrations on morphology, mechanical properties, and water barrier properties of the CMSr films. The degree of substitution (DS) and morphology of native rice starch and CMSr powders were examined. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the chemical structure, crystallinity, and thermal properties of the CMSr films. As the NaOH concentrations increased, the DS of CMSr powders increased, which affected the morphology of CMSr powders; a polyhedral shape of the native rice starch was deformed. In addition, the increase in NaOH concentrations of the synthesis of CMSr resulted in an increase in water solubility, elongation at break, and water vapor permeability (WVP) of CMSr films. On the other hand, the water contact angle, melting temperature, and the tensile strength of the CMSr films decreased with increasing NaOH concentrations. However, the tensile strength of the CMSr films was relatively low. Therefore, such a property needs to be improved and the application of the developed films should be investigated in the future work.


2022 ◽  
Vol 955 (1) ◽  
pp. 012010
Author(s):  
A Kustirini ◽  
Antonius ◽  
P Setiyawan

Abstract Geopolymer concrete is concrete that uses environmentally friendly materials, using fly ash from waste materials from the coal industry as a substitute for cement. To produce geopolymer concrete, an alkaline activator is required, with a mixture of Sodium Hydroxide and Sodium Silicate. This research is an experimental study to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 8 Mol, 10 Mol, 12 Mol, and 14 Mol on the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete. Mortar Geopolymer uses a mixture of 1: 3 for the ratio of fly ash and sand, 2.5: 0.45 for the ratio of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide as an alkaline solution. The specimens used a cube mold having dimension 5 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm, then tested at 7 days and 28 days. The test resulted that concentration of NaOH 12 Mol obtained the maximum compressive strength of geopolymer concrete, that is 38.54 MPa. At concentrations of 12 Mol NaOH and exceeding 12M, the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete decreased.


RSC Advances ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1885-1896
Author(s):  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Fangxue Hang ◽  
Zhiming Zhang ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
...  

Activated-hydrochar (AHC) derived from sugarcane bagasse was synthesized by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) using phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as activators.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Kyaw Wunna ◽  
Kiohiko Nakasaki ◽  
Joseph Auresenia ◽  
Leonila Abella ◽  
Peg-asa Gaspilo

The current work aimed to enhance the delignification of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) for bioethanol production. The optimization of alkali (sodium hydroxide) pretreatment parameters such as concentration and residence time was carried out by the Taguchi method using L16 orthogonal array with two factors and four levels. Sugarcane bagasse powder was mixed with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution (0.5-2 wt.%) and heated in an autoclave at 121°C and at varied times (30-120 min). From the statistical analysis of data, it was observed that delignification and glucan increased with the increased concentration and short time. The optimum parameters of NaOH pretreatment were 2 wt.% of NaOH concentration and 30 minutes of residence time. At the optimum conditions, 86.8% delignification and 46.6% glucan content of SCB were obtained. Thus, alkali pretreatment optimized by Taguchi design is the effective method to remove lignin and to increase cellulose or glucan content in sugarcane bagasse for facilitating the further catalytic hydrolysis in bioethanol production.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkateshkumar R ◽  
Shanmugam S ◽  
Veerappan AR

Abstract Cow dung is generally used as the feedstock material for the anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. A selection of alternate biomass material is needed to reduce the consumption or to eliminate the use of cow dung. Recently, cottonseed hull has been considered as the primary substrate to produce biogas. In this paper, the effect of biogas production on anaerobic co-digestion of cow dung with pre-treated cottonseed hull using different concentrations of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and acetic acid is investigated. Sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide are used at different concentrations for pre-treatment of cottonseed hull. The enhancement of biogas production from the batch reactors at mesophilic temperature (35 ± 2 ℃) is observed for mono- and co-digestion of cow dung with treated cottonseed hull. Maximum biogas yield is achieved for the treated cottonseed hull at 6% sodium hydroxide during mono digestion and at 6% calcium hydroxide during co-digestion.


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