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2022 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 207-222
Author(s):  
Jiehua Li ◽  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Johannes Winklhofer ◽  
Stefan Griesebner ◽  
Bernd Oberdorfer ◽  
...  

In order to reduce CO2 emission and energy consumption, more recycled secondary materials have to be used in foundry industry, especially for Al-Si-Mg based alloys for semi-solid processing. In this paper, Al-Si-Mg based alloys with the addition of recycled secondary materials up to 30 % (10, 20, 30 %, respectively) have been produced by semi-solid processing. The solidification microstructure was investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, computed tomography (CT) was also used to elucidate the size, size distribution, number density, volume fraction of porosities. It was found that with the addition of the recycled secondary materials up to 30 %, there is no significant effect on the solidification microstructure in terms of the grain size and the shape factor of primary α-Al and the second α-Al. More importantly, the morphology of eutectic Si can be well modified and that of the Fe-containing phase (π-AlSiMgFe) can be tailored. Furthermore, with increasing recycled secondary materials, at least another two important issues should also be highlighted. Firstly, more TiB2 particles were observed, which can be due to the addition of Al-Ti-B grain refiners for the grain refinement of recycled secondary materials. Secondly, a significant interaction between Sr and P was also observed in the recycled secondary materials. The present investigation clearly demonstrates that Al-Si-Mg based alloys with the addition of recycled secondary materials at least up to 30% can be used for semi-solid processing, which may facilitate better sustainability.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-170
Author(s):  
Yoan Barbara Runtunuwu

The purpose of this study is an action to study and analyze the problems of waste management in residential areas and residential waste management and community-based waste management. In this study, we use a study based on literature study which is a legal norm, where the secondary materials obtained through library research are only library materials and legal secondary materials. The essence of this discussion is the implementation of integrated waste management in Manado City based on the provisions regarding waste. It is clearly stated that waste management is not only the responsibility of the government. As a waste producer, the community has to maintain cleanliness and environmental health. In this case, an administrative disposition must be applied to continue any problems found. As mentioned in this field, compliance is low and can provide a deterrent effect for those who are not aware of the importance of waste management.


Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2258
Author(s):  
Karolína Dlasková Jaklová ◽  
Lucie Šindelářová ◽  
Jan Kohout ◽  
Ivana Hradecká ◽  
Nikita Sharkov ◽  
...  

Owing to the increased use of secondary materials for diesel production, refineries must confront bad quality parameters. Therefore, catalysts with certain capabilities (to remove heteroatoms and improve quality parameters at low hydrogen consumption) and their lifetimes are required. An important parameter that influences the quality of the products and the economy of the unit is the activity of the catalyst. Prior to industrial use, the catalyst is typically tested in a pilot unit. This is necessary to obtain a considerable amount of data on the lifetime of the catalyst in the shortest feasible time. Here, deactivation steps were used to test the catalyst. Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of two types of accelerated deactivations on the catalyst activity and product properties. The first type of deactivation proceeded for 6 h and comprised a tripling of the amount of incoming feedstock, and the second type proceeded for 18 h without an increase in the amount of feedstock. For both cases, the pressure and hydrogen flow were minimised. Both types of accelerated deactivations had similar effects on the quality of the final products and catalyst. The only difference was in the duration of catalyst recovery after deactivation. The results were compared with those of a test in which the spontaneous deactivation of the catalyst was studied.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Liberthin Palullungan ◽  
Ririn Thomas

In the life of the state, where there is a relationship between humans and humans, there are always rules that bind it, namely the law. Law regulates human rights and obligations. The purpose of this study is to find out what factors can hinder the process of resolving tax disputes. This research uses type. This study uses a type of normative juridical research sourced from primary and secondary materials, which were analyzed qualitatively by descriptively describing the results of the existing data. The results of this study indicate that the factors that hinder the process of resolving tax disputes are factors in the administration sector, namely the existence of the first obligation of the Taxpayer to pay 50% (fifty percent) of the total tax payable. Then in the field of justice, namely regarding the obligation of judges to present the appellate party or defendant in examination at trial.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-324
Author(s):  
Anton Jamal ◽  
M. Ikhwan

This research is an attempt to look deeper into why delaying early marriage is appropriate during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the view of Islamic law and the human rights approach. The phenomenon of early marriage during the pandemic had appeared and even jumped based on the data collected. This phenomenon encourages conditions of vulnerability (fiqh: mudharat) which will have an impact on the emergence of new problems and even conflicts for young people, especially if they already have children, given the pandemic conditions that often threaten the household economy. This study departs from the question of why Islamic law and human rights must play a role in reducing the number of early marriages during the pandemic based on the assumption of household vulnerability? How is the phenomenon of early marriage during the pandemic seen from the point of view of human rights and maqasid? This research is analytical descriptive with qualitative methods, and data collection is carried out by literature study on secondary materials to observe the phenomenon of early post-marriage during the pandemic. The results show that the function of Islamic law and human rights can be an important instrument to suppress the surge in early marriage, which will save young households from the vulnerability of household conflicts based on observations made during the covid pandemic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-64
Author(s):  
Ahmad Habib Al Fikry ◽  
Muhammad Riyan Afandi ◽  
Dian Latifiani

The purposes of this paper are: (i) to describe various problems in the philosophical, sociological and juridical aspects of the existence of civil procedural law as formal law in Indonesia; and (ii) offer solutions to these problems by updating the civil procedural law. The method in this paper uses normative legal research with a statutory approach by conducting a literature study using primary and secondary materials. The results of this paper indicate several things. The first, sociologically, people's lives develop dynamically so that the provisions of civil procedural law are not in accordance with the times. As for juridically, this provision is not unification, legal uncertainty, and a legal vacuum. The second, legal reform is part of the development of national law by taking into account the framework of the national legal system. The third, there are efforts and forms of civil procedural law reform carried out by each element of state power. The novelty of this paper is containing a comprehensive discourse that answers the problem of the applicability of civil procedural law with the efforts and forms of reform of civil procedural law in Indonesia. The conclusion in this paper is the provisions of civil procedural law need to be updated based on philosophical, sociological, and juridical considerations. Reform of civil procedural law must take into account the national legal system, principles, and content material in its formation. 


Author(s):  
Lisa Webley ◽  
Harriet Samuels

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. Complete Public Law combines clear explanatory text and practical learning features with extracts from a wide range of primary and secondary materials. The book has been structured with the needs of undergraduate courses in mind. Opening with consideration of basic constitutional principles (in which no previous knowledge is assumed), the chapters move on to cover all other essential areas, before closing with consideration of the principles and procedures of judicial review. This edition includes substantial updates to address the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union and the constitutional implications these new arrangements have, including in the context of devolution.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
Aditya Suud ◽  
Suherman Suherman

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan memahami bagaimana bentukperlindungan hokum terhadap tersangka pada pembajakan hak cipta melaluiaplikasi di Indonesia. Khususnya terhadap karya cipta digital programcomputer dalam bentuk bentuk aplikasi yang berisi dokumen elektronikberupa karya cipta lagu atau musik milik orang lain yang kemudian dipublikasikan di salah satu aplikasi bernama Playstore. Penelitian inimenggunakan jenis penelitian Yuridis-Normatif dengan melakukanpendekatan peraturan perundang- undangan (statute approach) danpendekatan konseptual (konseptual approach). Pengumpulan data daribahan sekunder dilakukan dengan metode kepustakaan dan dianalisamenggunakan metode kualitatif dan melakukan analisis yuridis. Hasilpenelitian ini adalah di Indonesia belum ada aturan khusus mengenaipembajakan lagu melalui media daring atau Internet digital maka UU No. 28Tahun 2014 mengenai Hak Cipta dapat menjangkau hal tersebut denganmenggunakan dasar seperti yang telah dijelaskan diatas yaitu dapat dikaitkandengan pasal 32 Jo.pasal 48 UU No. 19 Tahun 2016 mengenai Informasi DanTransaksi Elektronik walaupun kejahatan yang dilakukan adalah mengenaipelanggaran hak orang lain yaitu Hak Cipta. Hal tersebut juga disebabkan olehkonsep yang belum tepat mengenai pengaturan pembajakan dalam mediainternet atau elektronik. Konsep yang diperlukan ini adalah denganmendirikan badan baru yang menjembatani dua aturan yang berbeda makahal ini akan menjadikan penanganan mengenai pelanggaran pembajakanmelalui aplikasi Playstore akan lebih jelas kewenangan mengadili daripermasalahan tersebut.Kata kunci: Hak cipta; Dokumen elektronik; Analisis yuridis; Mediadaring; Media elektronikBorneo Law Review : Vol.5 No.1 Juni 2021 17ABSTRACTThis study aims to find out and understand how the form of legal protection against suspects in copyright piracy through applications in Indonesia. Especially for digital computer program copyrights in the form of applications containing electronic documents in the form of songwriting or music belonging to other people which are then published in an application called Playstore. This study uses a juridical-normative research type by applying a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Collecting data from secondary materials was carried out using literature methods and analyzed using qualitative methods. The result of this research is that in Indonesia there are no specific rules regarding pirating songs through online media or digital Internet. 28 of 2014 regarding Copyright can reach this by using the basis as described above, which can be linked to article 32 Jo. Article 48 of Law no. 19 of 2016 regarding Electronic Information and Transactions even though the crime committed was regarding the violation of the rights of others, namely Copyright. This is also due to the inaccurate concept of regulating piracy in internet or electronic media. The concept needed is to establish a new agency that bridges two different rules, so this will make handling of piracy violations through the Playstore application clearer in the authority to judge these problems.Keywords : Copyright; Electro


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Wahyudin, Wahyudin, ◽  
Jarot Widya Muliawan

AbstractThis research uses the Conceptual Approach Method and the Law Approach Method, on Normative Juridical Analysis by combining two data collection methods, namely Studying the Law and Examining library materials or secondary materials which are then analyzed using the Qualitative Analysis Method.The research results show that the notary can only (legally / in accordance with the rule of law) be a suspect if the notary intentionally keeps making a fake deed as requested by the tapper, even though he knows that the parties do not meet the legal requirements of the engagement. This shows that the notary does not strictly adhere to the Law on Notary Position (UUJN) and the Notary Professional Code of Ethics. Where it can lead to a notary public criminal act of forgery of authentic letters / deeds.The position of a Notary is held or its presence is desired by the laws and regulations with the intention of helping and serving people who need authentic written evidence regarding circumstances of events or legal actions of direct involvement by the parties facing them. However, in carrying out his profession, the police law apparatus is often summoned as a suspect in connection with the forgery of authentic deeds he has made. Thus, it is deemed necessary to know the Normative Juridical Analysis of Authentic Deed Falsification Conducted by Notaries. Keywords: Notary, Authentic Deed Falsification, Suspect. AbstrakPenelitian ini menggunakan Metode Pendekatan Konseptual dan Metode Pendekatan Undang-Undang, tentang Analisis Yuridis Normatif dengan cara menggabungkan dua metode pengumpulan data yaitu Menelaah Undang-Undang dan Meneliti bahan pustaka atau bahan sekunder yang Kemudian dianalisa dengan Metode Analisis Kualitatif.Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa notaris hanya dapat (legal/sesuai dengan aturan hukum) dijadikan sebagai tersangka apabila notaris tersebut dengan sengaja tetap membuat akta palsu sesuai yang diminta oleh penghadap, padahal ia mengetahui bahwa para pihak penghadap tersebut tidak memenuhi syarat-syarat sahnya perikatan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa notaris tersebut tidak berpegang teguh pada Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN) dan Kode Etik Profesi Notaris. Dimana dapat menjerumuskan notaris mengarah pada tindak pidana pemalsuan surat/akta otentik.Jabatan Notaris diadakan atau kehadirannya dikehendaki oleh Peraturan Perundang- undangan dengan maksud untuk membantu dan melayani masyarakat yang membutuhkan alat bukti tertulis yang bersifat otentik, mengenai keadaan peristiwa atau perbuatan hukum atas keterlibatan langsung oleh para pihak yang menghadap. Namun demikian Notaris dalam menjalankan profesinya tidak jarang dipanggil oleh pihak aparat hukum kepolisian sebagai tersangka Sehubungan dengan pemalsuan akta otentik yang dibuatnya. Sehingga, dipandang perlu untuk mengetahui Analisis Yuridis Normatif Terhadap Pemalsuan Akta Otentik Yang Dilakukan Oleh Notaris. Kata kunci: Notaris, Pemalsuan Akta Otentik, Tersangka.


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