scholarly journals Antimycobacterial potential of the juniper berry essential oil in tap water

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Peruč ◽  
Ivana Gobin ◽  
Maja Abram ◽  
Dalibor Broznić ◽  
Tomislav Svalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mediterranean Plants ◽  
Common Juniper

Abstract Mycobacterium avium complex-related diseases are often associated with poorly maintained hot water systems. This calls for the development of new control strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of essential oils (EOs) from the Mediterranean plants, common juniper, immortelle, sage, lavandin, laurel, and white cedar against Mycobacterium avium ssp. avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and Mycobacterium gordonae in culturing broth and freshwater as their most common habitat. To do that, we developed a new method of water microdilution to determine their minimal effective concentrations (MEC). The most active EO was the one from the common juniper with the MEC of 1.6 mg mL-1. Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry the juniper EO identified monoterpenes (70.54 %) and sesquiterpenes (25.9 %) as dominant component groups. The main monoterpene hydrocarbons were α-pinene, sabinene, and β-pinene. The juniper EO significantly reduced the cell viability of M. intracellulare and M. gordonae at MEC, and of M. avium at 2xMEC. Microscopic analysis confirmed its inhibitory effect by revealing significant morphological changes in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of all three bacteria. The mode of action of the juniper EO on the cell membrane was confirmed by a marked leakage of intracellular material. Juniper EO has a great practical potential as a complementary or alternative water disinfectant in hot water systems such as baths, swimming pools, spa pools, hot tubs, or even foot baths/whirlpools.

scholarly journals Rapid Detection and Enumeration of Legionella pneumophila in Hot Water Systems by Solid-Phase Cytometry

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1651-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Aurell ◽  
Philippe Catala ◽  
Pierre Farge ◽  
France Wallet ◽  
Matthieu Le Brun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Direct Counts

ABSTRACT A new method for the rapid and sensitive detection of Legionella pneumophila in hot water systems has been developed. The method is based on an IF assay combined with detection by solid-phase cytometry. This method allowed the enumeration of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and L. pneumophila serogroups 2 to 6, 8 to 10, and 12 to 15 in tap water samples within 3 to 4 h. The sensitivity of the method was between 10 and 100 bacteria per liter and was principally limited by the filtration capacity of membranes. The specificity of the antibody was evaluated against 15 non-Legionella strains, and no cross-reactivity was observed. When the method was applied to natural waters, direct counts of L. pneumophila were compared with the number of CFU obtained by the standard culture method. Direct counts were always higher than culturable counts, and the ratio between the two methods ranged from 1.4 to 325. Solid-phase cytometry offers a fast and sensitive alternative to the culture method for L. pneumophila screening in hot water systems.

Concentration of Mycobacterium avium by hospital hot water systems

JAMA ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 260 (11) ◽  
pp. 1599-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. du Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water

scholarly journals Centralized hot tap water systems calculation’s specifics

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 07004
Author(s):  
Karina Tumanova ◽  
Anatolijs Borodinecs ◽  
Ivan Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Main Challenge

Most of the urban housing stock in Latvia as well as in major part of EU cities is apartment multi-storey buildings, most of which have a connection to centralized hot tap water systems. Also, such buildings as dormitories, university campuses, sporting facilities, mostly are connected to the centralized hot tap water systems. The hot tap water systems can have different optional technical solutions, such as recirculation loop, bath towels warmers, etc. All these options affect calculation’s specifics of the systems. The main challenge for designers is to make correct estimation of hydraulic losses, definition of necessary water flow rate and to choose such technical equipment as circulation pumps, balancing valves and circulation water flow. The main parameters directly affecting the sizing of hot tap water system are the number of inhabitants, designed water consumption, consumption uncertainty coefficient, building’s specifics etc. This study is based on the hot water consumption analysis in building were online monitoring system was installed.

scholarly journals Analysis of centralized hot tap water systems calculation’s specifics

2018 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 06011
Author(s):  
Karina Tumanova ◽  
Anatolijs Borodinecs
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Main Challenge

Most of the urban housing stock in Latvia as well as in major part of EU cities is apartment multi-storey buildings, most of which have a connection to centralized hot tap water systems. Also, such buildings as dormitories, university campuses, sporting facilities, mostly are connected to the centralized hot tap water systems. The hot tap water systems can have different optional technical solutions, such as recirculation loop, bath towels warmers, etc. All these options affect calculation’s specifics of the systems. The main challenge for designers is to make correct estimation of hydraulic losses, definition of necessary water flow rate and to choose such technical equipment as circulation pumps, balancing valves and circulation water flow. The main parameters directly affecting the sizing of hot tap water system are the number of inhabitants, designed water consumption, consumption uncertainty coefficient, building’s specifics etc. This study is based on the hot water consumption analysis in building were online monitoring system was installed.

scholarly journals HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE KIDNEY STRUCTURES IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEVER

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Y. Rohovyi ◽  
T. Kopchuk ◽  
M. Dikal
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Ether Anesthesia ◽  
High Level

Fever is a typical pathological process, which is characterized by a shift in the reference point of thermoregulation to a higher level of body temperature regulation under the influence of pyrogenic substances and includes three stages: temperature rise, temperature standing at a high level and its decrease. The functional state of the kidneys was investigated under the conditions of water diuresis, for which the rats through the stomach using a metal probe were injected with tap water heated to the body temperature of experimental animals in an amount of 5% of the body weight. After water loading in order to obtain plasma, the animals were euthanized by decapitation under light ether anesthesia; blood was collected in tubes with heparin. In blood plasma and urine, the concentration of creatinine was determined by the reaction with picric acid, sodium ions - by the method of photometry of the protein flame by the sulfosalicylic method with the calculation of its excretion. As evidenced by the data obtained, morphological changes during the development of aseptic fever with a hyponatric diet were characterized by: in the first stage (temperature rise) vacuolar degeneration of the epithelium of the proximal tubules and a small-focal character of changes in the properties of proteins with a shift in color to red, in the second stage (temperature at a high level) expansion of the lumen of the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule and dystrophic changes in the epithelium of the distal tubules, in the third stage (decrease in temperature) by moderate expansion of the lumen of the Shumlyansky-Bowman capsule but not significant dystrophic changes in the epithelium of the proximal tubules. Elucidation of new mechanisms of damage in any way to the cortex of the medulla and the papilla of the kidneys in the conditions of the development of hot water.

A simple method for the eradication ofLegionella pneumophilafrom potable water systems

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1189-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Moreno ◽  
Isabel de Blas ◽  
Francisca Miralles ◽  
David Apraiz ◽  
Vicente Catalan
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Simple Method

In this paper we describe a simple method, noncorrosive to pipes, for the eradication of Legionella pneumophila from potable water systems. This method is based on the systematic purging of the pipe networks with cold water containing 1 – 1.5 mg residual chlorine/L. In the hot water system, a new pipe bypassing the water heater was installed, whereas in the air conditioning system, the circuit is purged with water from the tap water system. The feasibility of this method was studied in two hotels in which the presence of Legionella was detected despite treatment of the water by the hyperchlorination method. The evolution of the presence of Legionella was studied by culture and polymerase chain reaction. Eighty samples from hotel A and sixty-seven samples from hotel B were analyzed during the time that the eradication method was applied. Our results showed that this method permitted the effective elimination of L. pneumophila after 5 months in hotel A and 7 months in hotel B.Key words: Legionella pneumophila, eradication.

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