scholarly journals Analysis of Options to Reduce Noise Exposure to Shooters on Sport Shooting Ranges

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-342
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Boczkowski ◽  
Mateusz Adamski ◽  
Jacek Bień ◽  
Karol Chwalny ◽  
Michał Nosek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Impulse Noise ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
Hearing Damage ◽  
Intensive Development ◽  
Firing Tests ◽  
Shooting Ranges

Abstract The intensive development of sport shooting and the significant increase in the number of people using sport and recreational shooting ranges also increases the risk of hearing damage to shooters, due to exposure to impulse noise from the shots of firearms. This article discusses the methodology for assessing shooters’ exposure to noise and identifies and extensively discusses possible ways to minimise this exposure. It then describes a research experiment carried out to measure and calculate the effectiveness of noise reduction by means of acoustic silencers when shooting with typical weapons in the most popular sporting and hunting calibres. The experiment also included firing tests with subsonic ammunition. On this basis, conclusions were drawn regarding the possibility of reducing impulse noise during shooting and the possibility of eliminating the risk of hearing damage.

Criteria for Assessing Hearing Damage Risk from Impulse‐Noise Exposure

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1062-1062
Author(s):  
R. Ross ◽  
A. Coles ◽  
Christopher G. Rice ◽  
Georges R. Garinther ◽  
David C. Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Noise ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Hearing Damage ◽  
Damage Risk

S254 – Bone Conduction Noise Exposure via Ventilators in the NICU

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P160-P160
Author(s):  
Angela P Black ◽  
James D Sidman
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
High Noise ◽  
Endotracheal Tubes ◽  
Level Meter ◽  
Hearing Damage ◽  
Air Conduction

Objectives To demonstrate that neonatal ventilators produce high noise levels through bone conduction (BC) via endotracheal tubes, as well as air conduction (AC) from ambient noise. Methods A sound level meter was used to measure the noise levels 4 feet from the ventilator and in direct contact at the end of a balloon attached to the ETT to simulate the noise presented to the infant. 3 commonly used neonatal ventilators (Sensormedics 3100A, VIP Bird and Bunnell Jet) were examined. Results Noise levels were significantly higher (6 – 14 dB) at the end of the ETT than 4 ft from the ventilator for all ventilators studied. Conclusions Previous studies have shown high ambient noise levels in NICUs, but have failed to address the actual noise presented to the infant. ETT transmission of noise as a direct bone stimulus through the skull has been overlooked. This study has shown that high noise intensities are being presented not only as AC, but as BC to the infants though the ETT. This study demonstrates, therefore, that ear protection alone will not save these at-risk infants from hearing damage. More must be done to decrease noise exposure and develop quieter machines.

scholarly journals Study and Analysis of Impulse Noise Reduction Filters

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrine Judith.M.C ◽  
N Kumarasabapathy
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Impulse Noise

scholarly journals An efficient Scheme to Remove Low Density Impulse Noise From A Digital Image

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 7284-7289
Author(s):  
Dr. Jihad N. Abdeljalil Al-Balqa
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Impulse Noise ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Salt And Pepper Noise ◽  
Reduction Scheme ◽  
Iir Filter ◽  
Noise Impulse ◽  
Efficient Scheme ◽  
Adaptive Noise ◽  
Salt And Pepper

An improved adaptive noise reduction scheme for images that are highly corrupted by Salt-and-Pepper noise(impulse noise), is proposed in this paper which efficiently removes the salt and pepper noise while preserving the details. The proposed scheme efficiently identifies and reduces salt and pepper noise. The algorithm utilizes an IIR filter with controlled parameters to get better image quality than the existing methods of noise removing. A comparative analysis between the proposed scheme and other techniques of noise reduction or removing is presented in order to show the advantages of the proposed scheme in removing the noisy pixels and producing a better PSNR.

A Review of Gunshot Noise as Factor in Hearing Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 904-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Skrodzka ◽  
Andrzej Wicher ◽  
Roman Gołe¸biewski
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Impulse Noise ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sport Training ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Auditory Systems

The impulse noise produced by personal weapons (guns, rifles, shotguns) during military activity, and while people engage in sport, training and hunting, is a threat to the auditory systems of soldiers, civilians, policemen, hunters, forest officers, sportspeople and bystanders not actively engaged in professional or recreational firing. An overview of noise levels generated by different types of weapon is provided, and potential short-term and long-term consequences for the human auditory system are described. The mean values of LC, peak sound pressure level during the shot, at the shooter's ears, for various types of weapons are approximately 160 dB SPL. These are levels that can cause permanent, irreversible negative effects on hearing (hearing loss, tinnitus, etc.) even as a result of a single shot being fired. One of the largest groups of weapon users in Poland (about 120 thousand) are hunters and field masters. They are not obligated by any regulations to protect their auditory systems from impulse noise. This means that this group of firearm users is at particularly high risk of hearing damage. On the basis of the literature review, it is shown that hearing exposure to high-level impulse noise such as a gunshot can result in such consequences as damage to the middle ear and destruction of the outer/inner hair cells in the cochlea. Especially difficult to diagnose is 'hidden hearing loss', i.e. damage to the synaptic connections between the hair cells of the inner ear and the auditory nerve fibres, which is not reflected in the results of basic audiometric testing and can cause hearing problems many years after impulse noise exposure. The wide range of negative consequences of gunfire noise clearly indicates the need for the hearing of the shooters to be protected.

Angle dependent effects for impulse noise reduction for hearing protectors.

2009 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 2218
Author(s):  
William J. Murphy ◽  
Amir Khan ◽  
Edward L. Zechmann
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Impulse Noise ◽  
Hearing Protectors
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