scholarly journals Google Books Ngram Viewer in Socio-Cultural Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Word Frequency ◽  
Harvard University ◽  
Ecological Analysis ◽  
Quick Recovery ◽  
Cultural Transformations ◽  
American Heritage Dictionary ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Google Books ◽  
American Heritage

The objective of this paper is to verify if Google Books Ngram Viewer, a new tool working on a database of 361 billion words in English, and enabling quick recovery of data on word frequency in a diachronic perspective, is indeed valuable to socio-cultural research as suggested by its creators (Michel et al. 2010), i.e. the Cultural Observatory, Harvard University, Encyclopaedia Britannica, the American Heritage Dictionary, and Google. In the paper we introduce a study performed by Greenfield (2013), who applies the program to her Ecological Analysis, and contrast the findings with a study based on similar premises, in which we follow the trends in changes in word frequency throughout the 19th and 20th centuries to observe if these changes correspond to one of the major socio-cultural transformations that took place in the studied period, i.e. mediatization. The results of this study open a discussion on the usefulness of the program in socio-cultural research.

Juba to Jive: A Dictionary of African-American Slang and Harryette Mullen’s Muse & Drudge

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-184
Author(s):  
Craig Dworkin
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
Source Text ◽  
American Heritage Dictionary ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
American Heritage

Chapter 6 considers Harryette Mullen’s Muse & Drudge (1995), based in part on Clarence Major’s Juba to Jive: A Dictionary of African-American Slang and the American Heritage Dictionary, in the context of the OuLiPo and Mullen’s other poetic engagements with the dictionary. Through a careful attention to her specific dictionary borrowings and the cryptic play of anagram, palindrome, and paragram in Muse & Drudge, the chapter explicates the poem’s argument for and enactment of miscegenation. Drawing on Michael Riffaterre’s theory of the hypogram and Jacques Derrida’s theory of the signature, the chapter uncovers the motivating poetic force of the proper name in Mullen’s poem. Together, these readings complicate the received critical accounts of Mullen’s sources and the very ways in which we imagine the relation between source-text and poem.

Privacy, Confidentiality, and Security for PDAs

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill G. Felkey ◽  
Brent I. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
English Language ◽  
American Heritage Dictionary ◽  
American Heritage ◽  
Unauthorized Disclosure

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language defines the terms that are the subjects of this article. Privacy is defined as the quality or condition of being secluded from the presence or view of others. Confidentiality involves preventing the unauthorized disclosure of private information to others. Security seeks freedom from risk or danger, in a word, safety. In this article, we discuss these terms in relation to PDA technology.

The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots

Language ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 182
Author(s):  
Peter H. Salus ◽  
Calvert Watkins
Keyword(s):  
American Heritage Dictionary ◽  
American Heritage

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

1970 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Edith C. Rinehart ◽  
William Morris
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
American Heritage Dictionary ◽  
American Heritage

scholarly journals A notion of prominence for games with natural‐language labels

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Sontuoso ◽  
Sudeep Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Text Corpora ◽  
Incentive Structures ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Experimental Games ◽  
N Gram ◽  
Linguistic Backgrounds

We study games with natural‐language labels (i.e., strategic problems where options are denoted by words), for which we propose and test a measurable characterization of prominence. We assume that—ceteris paribus—players find particularly prominent those strategies that are denoted by words more frequently used in their everyday language. To operationalize this assumption, we suggest that the prominence of a strategy‐label is correlated with its frequency of occurrence in large text corpora, such as the Google Books corpus (“n‐gram” frequency). In testing for the strategic use of word frequency, we consider experimental games with different incentive structures (such as incentives to and not to coordinate), as well as subjects from different cultural/linguistic backgrounds. Our data show that frequently‐mentioned labels are more (less) likely to be selected when there are incentives to match (mismatch) others. Furthermore, varying one's knowledge of the others' country of residence significantly affects one's reliance on word frequency. Overall, the data show that individuals play strategies that fulfill our characterization of prominence in a (boundedly) rational manner.

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