Cost Allocation Model for Net-Zero Energy Buildings under Community-Based Reward Penalty Mechanism

Abstract The introduction of financial incentives for net-zero energy building/community (ZEB/ZEC) is a potential strategy that facilitates the development of sustainable buildings. In this study, a reward-penalty mechanism (RPM) is firstly proposed for a community that aims to achieve the target of annual zero energy balance. In order to investigate the cost allocated for each building in the community, a cost allocation model by considering the load of these buildings and the levels of zero energy building achieved is further proposed, based on which four typical types of the model is selected and investigated. The economic performance of a building under the four types of allocation model is then compared for a community that consists of 20 family houses in Ireland. By considering the possible ZEB level ranges in each building, two Cases are conducted (Case 1 – the range is between 0.0 and 1.0; Case 2 – the range is between 0.5 and 1.0). The results show that the 1st model is the simplest one that allocates cost evenly. By contrast, the cost of a building depends on its load in the 2nd model and depends on the ZEB level it achieved in the 3rd model, while it considers the two factors evenly in the 4th model. The proposed cost allocation model is expected to provide a basic guide for the designers of financial incentives as well as experts in the fields of net-zero energy buildings.

Download Full-text

Techno Economic Evaluation and Feasibility Analysis of a Hybrid Net Zero Energy Building in Pakistan: A Case Study of Hospital

Frontiers in Energy Research ◽

10.3389/fenrg.2021.668908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Saba Arif ◽

Juntakan Taweekun ◽

Hafiz Muhammad Ali ◽

Thanansak Theppaya

Keyword(s):

Economic Evaluation ◽

Payback Period ◽

Zero Energy ◽

Hybrid Microgrid ◽

Zero Energy Building ◽

Net Zero Energy ◽

Net Zero Energy Building ◽

Net Zero ◽

Net Zero Energy Buildings ◽

Zero Energy Buildings

The current study is an economic evaluation and feasibility study of hybrid microgrid Net Zero Energy Buildings in Pakistan. A Net Zero Energy approach is proposed for a two-story hospital building situated in Taxila, Pakistan. Consequently, to design a hybrid Net Zero Energy Building, the solar radiation potential of the subject location and electricity usage of the hospital are estimated. The proposed hybrid microgrid Net Zero Energy Building comprises photovoltaic modules and converters. However, the thermal load is computed as a grid-connected hybrid system. Economic evaluation is performed by using economic indicators of the net present cost and the payback period. Also, initial and operational costs are determined, to determine the profitability of the project. Results show that the analysis is a cost-effective approach and has a payback period of 2.53y. Additionally, the per-unit cost of electricity is reduced to 0.12 USD/kWh. Moreover, the energy produced by a hybrid system is 10.24% more economical than that of the pre-working grid system. Results explain the reduction in the cost of energy and profit margin in electricity generation and the increase in electricity production and feasibility of hybrid Net Zero Energy Buildings in Pakistan. Research will help to develop an approach toward an IEA task 47 in Pakistan with the possible development of simulation-based installations of Net Zero Energy Buildings in the health sector in Pakistan.

Download Full-text

Optimization of Energy Consumption in Net-Zero Energy Buildings with Increasing Thermal Comfort of Occupants

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2020/9682428 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohsen Mahdavi Adeli ◽

Said Farahat ◽

Faramarz Sarhaddi

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Thermal Comfort ◽

General Definition ◽

Zero Energy ◽

Zero Energy Building ◽

Net Zero Energy ◽

Net Zero Energy Building ◽

Net Zero ◽

Net Zero Energy Buildings ◽

Zero Energy Buildings

Residential and commercial buildings consume approximately 60% of the world’s electricity. It is almost impossible to provide a general definition of thermal comfort, because the feeling of thermal comfort is affected by varying preferences and specific traits of the population living in different climate zones. Considering that no studies have been conducted on thermal satisfaction of net-zero energy buildings prior to this date, one of the objectives of the present study is to draw a comparison between the thermal parameters for evaluation of thermal comfort of a net-zero energy building occupants. In so doing, the given building for this study is first optimized for the target parameters of thermal comfort and energy consumption, and, hence, a net-zero energy building is formed. Subsequent to obtaining the acceptable thermal comfort range, the computational analyses required to determine the temperature for thermal comfort are carried out using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The findings of this study demonstrate that to reach net-zero energy buildings, solar energy alone is not able to supply the energy consumption of buildings and other types of energy should also be used. Furthermore, it is observed that optimum thermal comfort is achieved in moderate seasons.

Download Full-text

A Review on Various Designing Techniques Used for Net Zero Energy Buildings

SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE ◽

10.24113/ijoscience.v7i7.428 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

Rohit Malviya ◽

Shravan Vishwakarma

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Optimized Design ◽

Zero Energy ◽

Zero Energy Building ◽

Net Zero Energy ◽

Net Zero ◽

Viable Solution ◽

Specific Objective ◽

Net Zero Energy Buildings ◽

Zero Energy Buildings

Net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) were proposed as a viable solution for reducing building energy usage and contamination emission levels. To achieve the desired specific objective, the setups and abilities of the deployed RES in NZEBs should be carefully chosen. The goal of this project is to develop an optimized design approach for a zero-energy building that takes into account the building's usage of energy. The continuous expansion of international energy demand as a result of industrialization and growing populations is presently a major source of concern.

Download Full-text

World Trend of net Zero Energy Buildings(Trend of net Zero Energy Building and Energy Saving by Lighting)

JOURNAL OF THE ILLUMINATING ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF JAPAN ◽

10.2150/jieij.98.253 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 253-256

Author(s):

Tadashi Mizuishi

Keyword(s):

Energy Saving ◽

Zero Energy ◽

Zero Energy Building ◽

Net Zero Energy ◽

Net Zero Energy Building ◽

Net Zero ◽

Net Zero Energy Buildings ◽

World Trend ◽

Zero Energy Buildings

Download Full-text

Net-Zero Energy Buildings: Principles and Applications

Zero-Energy Buildings - New Approaches and Technologies ◽

10.5772/intechopen.92285 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maher Shehadi

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Design Tools ◽

Zero Energy ◽

Active Participant ◽

Zero Energy Building ◽

Net Zero Energy ◽

Net Zero Energy Building ◽

Net Zero ◽

Net Zero Energy Buildings ◽

Zero Energy Buildings

Global warming and climate change are rising issues during the last couple of decades. With residential and commercial buildings being the largest energy consumers, sources are being depleted at a much faster pace in the recent decades. Recent statistics shows that 14% of humans are active participant to protect the environment with an additional 48% sympathetic but not active. In this chapter, net-zero energy buildings design tools and applications are presented that can help designers in the commercial and residential sectors design their buildings to be net-zero energy buildings. Case studies with benefits and challenges will be presented to illustrate the different designs to achieve a net-zero energy building (NZEB).

Download Full-text