scholarly journals تشخيص وخزات الاقتصاد السلوكي في خيارات الافراد دراسة استطلاعية لاراء عينة من الأساتذة والطلاب قسم الاقتصاد في كلية الادارة والاقتصاد

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Van Miran Shahin
Keyword(s):  
Libertarian Paternalism

يعد الاقتصاد السلوكي أحدى الأدوات الحديثة لعلم الاقتصاد التي دمجت علم النفس المتغير مع الفرضيات الاقتصادية المجردة الأمر الذي ساهم في تفسير الكثير من سلوكيات الأفراد الغير عقلانية التي عجز عن تفسيرها الاقتصاد التقليدي ، وكذلك تغيير خياراتهم من دون اكراه ، وهذه الطريقة تسمى الأبوية الليبرالية (libertarian paternalism ) ، اذ يعتمد الاقتصاد السلوكي في عمله على تأثيرات مخفية تحاكي الجانب النفسي والغير عقلاني للأفراد ومن ثم تؤدي الى التاثير في سلوكهم ، وتسمى هذه التاثيرات بالوخزات ، وفي هذا البحث قمنا باستقصاء فعالية عدة انواع من الوخزات في تغير سلوك الافراد . استخدم الباحث أسلوب الأستبيان لمعرفة طريقة عمل الوخزة وتأثيراتها على قرارت الأفراد، وتبين من البحث بأن اثر هذه الوخزات كبير وفعال في تغير قرارات الأفراد، فضلا عن امكانية الاستفادة منها في رسم السياسات الاقتصادية عن طريق تبنيها ودمجها في الكثير من المجالات الاقتصادية للمساعدة في تحقيق حياة أفضل للمجتمع دون تقييد حرية الأفراد.

Libertarian Paternalism, Manipulation, and the Shaping of Preferences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Libertarian Paternalism ◽  
Cass Sunstein ◽  
Influence Behavior

This chapter considers libertarian paternalism, or “nudging,” as championed by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. It focuses especially on the objection that such intervention is wrongly manipulative. The chapter begins by arguing that the charge of manipulation is most likely to be made against preference-shaping paternalism, which aims to influence behavior by operating on a person’s desires from the inside. It then argues that manipulation typically involves one person’s affecting another person’s deliberation for the worse: the victim of manipulation is typically led to act on bad reasons or ignore or downplay relevant considerations. This rough account of manipulation, it is argued, vindicates most of the preference-shaping strategies favored by Thaler and Sunstein. The chapter concludes by examining more problematic means of influence, such as subliminal messaging, and argues that they do not pose any distinctive threat to a pro-paternalist view.

scholarly journals Nudge Versus Boost: Agency Dynamics Under Libertarian Paternalism

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (629) ◽  
pp. 1384-1415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Hertwig ◽  
Michael D Ryall
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Best Interests ◽  
Libertarian Paternalism ◽  
The Future ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Thaler and Sunstein (2008) advance the concept of ‘nudge’ policies—non-regulatory and non-fiscal mechanisms designed to enlist people's cognitive biases or motivational deficits so as to guide their behaviour in a desired direction. A core assumption of this approach is that policymakers make artful use of people's cognitive biases and motivational deficits in ways that serve the ultimate interests of the nudged individual. We analyse a model of dynamic policymaking in which the policymaker's preferences are not always aligned with those of the individual. One novelty of our set-up is that the policymaker has the option to implement a ‘boost’ policy, equipping the individual with the competence to overcome the nudge-enabling bias once and for all. Our main result identifies conditions under which the policymaker chooses not to boost in order to preserve the option of using the nudge (and its associated bias) in the future—even though boosting is in the immediate best interests of both the policymaker and the individual. We extend our analysis to situations in which the policymaker can be removed (e.g., through an election) and in which the policymaker is similarly prone to bias. We conclude with a discussion of some policy implications of these findings.

Adam Smith’s Libertarian Paternalism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Otteson
Keyword(s):  
Adam Smith ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Libertarian Paternalism ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
Worth Living ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Cass Sunstein ◽  
The Right

Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein argue for “libertarian paternalism,” defined as the strategy to devise policy that will “maintain or increase freedom of choice” and at the same time “influence people’s behavior in order to make their lives longer, healthier, and better”. These two goals are often in conflict, and striking the right balance between them has proved difficult in both theory and practice. Where does Adam Smith fall in this debate? This chapter argues that Smith developed his own version of “libertarian paternalism.” It differs in important ways from that of Thaler and Sunstein, but it shares with them an attempt to balance respect for individual autonomy with a desire to help people lead better lives. Smith’s position accommodates the importance of both liberty and paternalism in enabling individuals to construct lives worth living, while avoiding some of the problems that have beset more recent versions of libertarian paternalism.

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