scholarly journals DE LA GUERRA DEL CHACO A LA DICTADURA STRONISTA. ASCENSO DEL ACTOR MILITAR EN LA POLÍTICA Y EL DISCURSO NACIONALISTA DEL PARAGUAY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Couchonnal

Este artículo analiza la Guerra del Chaco, conflicto bélico que enfrentó al Paraguay contra Bolivia entre 1932 y 1935, como momento clave de inflexión en el  proceso de constitución política del Paraguay y de consolidación del discurso nacionalista paraguayo. Sostenemos que la guerra del Chaco operó como  contrapunto histórico de la abrumadora derrota sufrida por el país durante la guerra de la Triple Alianza (1864-1870), lo que tuvo como efecto inmediato la  expansión efectiva del dominio nacional sobre gran parte del territorio chaqueño, de la mano del poder militar. De este modo, la guerra del Chaco contribuyó a configurar una arquitectura política e ideológica que completó la tarea iniciada tras el final de la primera guerra perdida, consolidando  el discurso identitario nacionalista y la presencia del actor militar en la escena nacional. ABSTRACT This article analyzes the Chaco War, which faced Paraguay and Bolivia between 1932 and 1935, as a key moment in the process of political constitution of  Paraguay and the consolidation of Paraguayan nationalist discourse. We argue that the Chaco War operated as a historical counterpoint of the overwhelming defeat suffered by the country during the War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870), which had the immediate effect of an effective  expansion of the national domain over much of the Chaco territory, with the help of military power. Thus, the Chaco War contributed to shape a political  and ideological architecture that completed the task begun after the end of the first lost war, consolidating nationalist identity discourse and the presence of military actor on the national scene.

Author(s):  
Jonathan Lee

Using Elphinstone's published and unpublished papers, this paper examines the Turkic influences at the Saddozai court and in the dynasty's geopolitical relations – influences which have been greatly underexplored due to colonial focus on Afghanistan's Indian frontier and the Pushtuns tribes and by Afghan nationalist discourse. The rise of the Durrani dynasty is located within the context of the demise of three Turkic dynasties—Safavid, Mughal, Tuqay-Timurid—while the Saddozai rise to power was achieved only because of its alliance with Safavid Persia. This heritage was perpetuated by the use of Turkic titles and protocols at the Saddozai court, the reliance on Turkic "ghulams" as the backbone of Saddozai military power, and dynastic intermarriage with the Qizilbash. The chapter concludes by critiquing Elphinstone's demarcation of Afghanistan's northern frontier and his assertion of Durrani sovereignty over the former Tuqay-Timurid "wilayat" of Balkh from the Murghab to the Kokcha rivers. It is argued that the Elphinstone frontier is deeply flawed, examining numerous inconsistences between Elphinstone's published map and Macartney's unpublished one, as well as inconsistencies in Elphinstone's own notes and those of other mission members.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Hyun-Seok Song ◽  
Min-Ho Son ◽  
Sung-Ju Yoo ◽  
Do-Hyun Jung ◽  
Boo-Hee Park

Author(s):  
Mauricio Drelichman ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth

This epilogue argues that Castile was solvent throughout Philip II's reign. A complex web of contractual obligations designed to ensure repayment governed the relationship between the king and his bankers. The same contracts allowed great flexibility for both the Crown and bankers when liquidity was tight. The risk of potential defaults was not a surprise; their likelihood was priced into the loan contracts. As a consequence, virtually every banking family turned a profit over the long term, while the king benefited from their services to run the largest empire that had yet existed. The epilogue then looks at the economic history version of Spain's Black Legend. The economic history version of the Black Legend emerged from a combination of two narratives: a rich historical tradition analyzing the decline of Spain as an economic and military power from the seventeenth century onward, combined with new institutional analysis highlighting the unconstrained power of the monarch.


Author(s):  
Jonathan Holslag

The chapter argues that India has a strong interest to balance China and that the two Asian giants will not be able grow together without conflict. However, India will not be able to balance China’s rise. The chapter argues that India remains stuck between nonalignment and nonperformance. On the one hand, it resists the prospect of a new coalition that balances China from the maritime fringes of Eurasia, especially if that coalition is led by the United States. On the other hand, it has failed to strengthen its own capabilities. Its military power lags behind China’s, its efforts to reach out to both East and Central Asia have ended in disappointment, and its economic reforms have gone nowhere. As a result of that economic underachievement, India finds itself also torn between emotional nationalism and paralyzing political fragmentation, which, in turn, will further complicate its role as a regional power.


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