Ice-crystal/shock-layer interaction in hypersonic flight

AIAA Journal ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1511-1514
Author(s):  
T. C. Lin ◽  
N. A. Thyson
Keyword(s):  
Shock Layer ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Layer Interaction ◽  
Hypersonic Flight

The Influence of Particulates on Thruster Plume / Shock Layer Interaction at High Altitudes

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey F. Gimelshein ◽  
Alina A. Alexeenko ◽  
Dean C. Wadsworth ◽  
Natalia E. Gimelshein
Keyword(s):  
Shock Layer ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Layer Interaction

An investigation of hydrometeor shock layer interaction

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. NICOLET ◽  
M. WOOL ◽  
B. LAUB ◽  
N. JAFFE ◽  
R. BERRY
Keyword(s):  
Shock Layer ◽  
Layer Interaction

Pulsating stochastic flows accompanying microwave filament/supersonic shock layer interaction

Shock Waves ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Azarova ◽  
D. Knight ◽  
Y. Kolesnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Shock Layer ◽  
Stochastic Flows ◽  
Layer Interaction ◽  
Supersonic Shock

Particle/shock layer interaction in hypersonic reentry

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SWAIN ◽  
W. WEBBER ◽  
H. TIMMER
Keyword(s):  
Shock Layer ◽  
Layer Interaction

scholarly journals Radiative Heat Transfer from a Nonequilibrium Shock Layer Generated around a Hypersonic Flight Model.

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (487) ◽  
pp. 503-509
Author(s):  
Kimiya KOMURASAKI ◽  
Jiro KASAHARA ◽  
Shujiro YANO ◽  
Toshi FUJIWARA
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Radiative Heat Transfer ◽  
Shock Layer ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Hypersonic Flight ◽  
Flight Model

The Influence of Particulates on Thruster Plume / Shock Layer Interaction at High Altitudes

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Gimelshein ◽  
Alena Alexeenko ◽  
Dean Wadsworth ◽  
Natalie Gimelshein
Keyword(s):  
Shock Layer ◽  
High Altitudes ◽  
Layer Interaction

Nonequilibrium excitation of internal molecular degrees of freedom in the shock layer during hypersonic flight

Shock Waves ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Doroshenko ◽  
N. N. Koudriavtsev ◽  
V. V. Smetanin
Keyword(s):  
Shock Layer ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Hypersonic Flight ◽  
Nonequilibrium Excitation

High-pressure freezing of cells in suspension for low-voltage scanning electron microscopy (LVSEM)

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 64-65
Author(s):  
Marek Malecki ◽  
James Pawley ◽  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Freeze Substitution ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Cell Culture Media ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The ultrastructure of cells suspended in physiological fluids or cell culture media can only be studied if the living processes are stopped while the cells remain in suspension. Attachment of living cells to carrier surfaces to facilitate further processing for electron microscopy produces a rapid reorganization of cell structure eradicating most traces of the structures present when the cells were in suspension. The structure of cells in suspension can be immobilized by either chemical fixation or, much faster, by rapid freezing (cryo-immobilization). The fixation speed is particularly important in studies of cell surface reorganization over time. High pressure freezing provides conditions where specimens up to 500μm thick can be frozen in milliseconds without ice crystal damage. This volume is sufficient for cells to remain in suspension until frozen. However, special procedures are needed to assure that the unattached cells are not lost during subsequent processing for LVSEM or HVEM using freeze-substitution or freeze drying. We recently developed such a procedure.

Cryosectioning plant roots prepared by high-pressure freezing

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 662-663
Author(s):  
R.E. Crang ◽  
M. Mueller ◽  
K. Zierold
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
High Pressure Freezing ◽  
Vitreous State ◽  
Radial Depth ◽  
Irregular Topography ◽  
Considerable Depth ◽  
Conventional Freezing

Obtaining frozen-hydrated sections of plant tissues for electron microscopy and microanalysis has been considered difficult, if not impossible, due primarily to the considerable depth of effective freezing in the tissues which would be required. The greatest depth of vitreous freezing is generally considered to be only 15-20 μm in animal specimens. Plant cells are often much larger in diameter and, if several cells are required to be intact, ice crystal damage can be expected to be so severe as to prevent successful cryoultramicrotomy. The very nature of cell walls, intercellular air spaces, irregular topography, and large vacuoles often make it impractical to use immersion, metal-mirror, or jet freezing techniques for botanical material.However, it has been proposed that high-pressure freezing (HPF) may offer an alternative to the more conventional freezing techniques, inasmuch as non-cryoprotected specimens may be frozen in a vitreous, or near-vitreous state, to a radial depth of at least 0.5 mm.

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