Antibiotic treatment in infants: effect on the gastro-intestinal microbiome and long term consequences

The gastrointestinal microbiome is crucial for the development of a balanced immune system. Antibiotics are frequently administered to infants and cause intestinal dysbiosis. This narrative review highlights the long term health consequences of antibiotic administration to infants and young children. The necessity of administration of antibiotics should be well considered, since an association with short term consequences such as antibiotic associated diarrhoea and long term adverse effects such as overweight, inflammatory bowel syndrome, allergic disease have been reported. Conclusion: The pros and cons of antibiotic administration to infants and young children should be considered.

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Antibiotic treatment in infants: effect on the gastro-intestinal microbiome and long term consequences

World Nutrition Journal ◽

10.25220/wnj/v02.i1.0003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Linde Peeters ◽

Siel Daelemans ◽

Yvan Vandenplas

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhoea ◽

Infants And Young Children

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Antibiotic treatment in infants

World Nutrition ◽

10.26596/wn.20189140-52 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Yvan Vandenplas

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

The Body ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽

Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea ◽

Pros And Cons ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Infants And Young Children

The gastrointestinal microbiome is crucial for the development of a balanced immune system. Antibiotics are frequently administered to infants and cause intestinal dysbiosis. Dysbiosis, also called dysbacteriosis, is a term for a microbial imbalance or maladaptation on or inside the body, such as an impaired gastro-intestinal microbiota. The necessity of administration of antibiotics should be well thought through because of short-term adverse effects such as antibiotic associated-diarrhea. This narrative review highlights the long-term health consequences of antibiotic administration to infants and young children, including overweight, inflammatory bowel syndrome, and allergic disease. Conclusion: The pros and cons of antibiotic administration to infants and young children should be carefully weighed.

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Impact of Early Life Antibiotic Exposure and Neonatal Hyperoxia on the Murine Microbiome and Lung Injury

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-51506-0 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Melissa H. Althouse ◽

Christopher Stewart ◽

Weiwu Jiang ◽

Bhagavatula Moorthy ◽

Krithika Lingappan

Keyword(s):

Lung Injury ◽

Beta Diversity ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Intestinal Microbiome ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Antibiotic Exposure ◽

Neonatal Mice ◽

Intestinal Dysbiosis ◽

Neonatal Hyperoxia

Abstract Cross talk between the intestinal microbiome and the lung and its role in lung health remains unknown. Perinatal exposure to antibiotics disrupts the neonatal microbiome and may have an impact on the preterm lung. We hypothesized that perinatal antibiotic exposure leads to long-term intestinal dysbiosis and increased alveolar simplification in a murine hyperoxia model. Pregnant C57BL/6 wild type dams and neonatal mice were treated with antibiotics before and/or immediately after delivery. Control mice received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Neonatal mice were exposed to 95% oxygen for 4 days or room air. Microbiome analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Pulmonary alveolarization and vascularization were analyzed at postnatal day (PND) 21. Perinatal antibiotic exposure modified intestinal beta diversity but not alpha diversity in neonatal mice. Neonatal hyperoxia exposure altered intestinal beta diversity and relative abundance of commensal bacteria in antibiotic treated mice. Hyperoxia disrupted pulmonary alveolarization and vascularization at PND 21; however, there were no differences in the degree of lung injury in antibiotic treated mice compared to vehicle treated controls. Our study suggests that exposure to both hyperoxia and antibiotics early in life may cause long-term alterations in the intestinal microbiome, but intestinal dysbiosis may not significantly influence neonatal hyperoxic lung injury.

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Macrolevel Approaches to Improve the Availability of Complementary Foods

Food and Nutrition Bulletin ◽

10.1177/156482650302400105 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 83-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Chessa K. Lutter

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Low Cost ◽

Target Population ◽

Publicly Funded ◽

Complementary Foods ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Infants And Young Children

Large numbers of infants and young children suffer from the short- and long-term health effects of poor breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. Strategies to improve the availability of and access to low-cost fortified complementary foods can play an important corresponding role to that of behavior change in improving nutritional status of young children. However, the nutritional quality of complementary foods used in publicly funded programs is not always optimal, and such programs are costly and reach only a tiny fraction of those who could benefit. To broadly reach the target population, such foods need to be commercially available at affordable prices and promoted in a way that generates demand for their purchase. A sensible long-term policy for the promotion of low-cost fortified complementary foods calls for attention to their nutritional formulations and cost, the economics of production, and the legislative, regulatory, and competitive framework in which marketing occurs. This paper provides information on how to improve the nutritional formulations of fortified complementary foods and outlines the necessary conditions for a market approach to their production and promotion.

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