Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Methanol Extract and Fractions from Alchemilla kiwuensis Engl. on LPS Activated Macrophages

Medicinal plants have been used to treat different diseases over the world and they constitute an inexhaustible source of bioactive metabolites. Alchemilla kiwuensis is a Cameroonian medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases. The present study investigates the anti-inflammatory properties of the methanol extract and fractions on LPS activated macrophages. The extract was prepared by maceration of dry whole plant powder in methanol, following by fractioning using hexane and ethyl acetate. The activity was evaluated on RAW 246.7 cell and bone marrow differentiated macrophages by measuring their effect on nitric oxide production, phagocytosis, cytokine production and cell surface markers. The crude extract and its fractions significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited nitric oxide production by LPS activated macrophages. As shown by RT-PCR, iNOS enzyme was inhibited in the presence of extract and its fractions. They also significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited phagocytosis of E. coli and production of TNF-α and IL-6 by LPS activated macrophages. The extracts reduced the expression of the co-stimulatory molecule, CD80. The findings indicate that Alchemilla kiwuensis has potent anti-inflammatory properties.

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Cytotoxic and Anti-inflammatory Terpenoids from the Whole Plant of Vaccinium emarginatum

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-1192-6225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 86 (17) ◽

pp. 1313-1322

Author(s):

Ping-Chen Tu ◽

Yu-Chia Liang ◽

Guan-Jhong Huang ◽

Ming-Kuem Lin ◽

Ming-Ching Kao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Nitric Oxide Production ◽

Pentacyclic Triterpenoids ◽

Oxide Production ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Anti Inflammatory

AbstractTwo new Δ12 ursene-type triterpenoid coumaroyl esters (1 and 2), one new Δ7,15 isopimarane-type diterpenoid glycoside (20), and two new irido-δ-lactone-type iridoids (21 and 22), together with 17 known pentacyclic triterpenoids (3 – 19), were isolated during the phytochemical investigation of a methanol extract of the whole plant of Vaccinium emarginatum. Their structures were determined by detailed analysis of standard spectroscopic data (MS, IR, 1D, and 2D NMR) and comparison with data of known analogs. The isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against the PC-3 and Du145 prostate cancer cell lines (as assessed by an MTT cell proliferation assay), as well as for their anti-inflammatory activity via the inhibition of nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Among the isolates, the triterpenoid coumaroyl and feruloyl esters (1, 3, and 4) exhibited strong cytotoxicity against PC-3 prostate cancer cells, with 85.6 – 90.2% inhibition at 10.0 µg/mL. The pomolic acid coumaroyl and feruloyl esters (1 and 3) also showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity against nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells, with 59.2 (± 1.0) and 47.1% (± 0.2) inhibition at 12.5 µg/mL, respectively.

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Phytochemical screening, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaf extracts from Lawsonia inermis of Indian origin to explore its potential for medicinal uses

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573406416666200221101953 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anju Manuja ◽

Nitu Rathore ◽

Shalki Chaudhary ◽

Balvinder Kumar

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Vero Cells ◽

Nitric Oxide Production ◽

Lawsonia Inermis ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Oxide Production ◽

Indian Origin ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Background: Lawsonia inermis Linn popularly known as the Henna has played an important role in ayurvedic or natural herbal medicines. The presence of phyto-constituents in henna, that may affect the animal or human health adversely, need to be elucidated for L. inermis Linn species grown in India. Introduction: Introduction: The aim of this research was to perform phytochemical, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory studies to understand the potential of leaves of Lawsonia inermis of Indian origin to provide a way forward for therapeutic use in medicine. Methods: We assessed the phytochemical profile for presence of phyto-constituents (alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, proteins/amino acids and gums/mucilage) from various extracts of the plant leaves’. The extracts were further purified by column chromatography for the isolation of plant constituents and monitored by TLC, analyzed by Fourier transform infrared FT-IR spectroscopy, H1NMR, and GC-MS analysis. Fractions were assessed for cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory properties at various concentrations. We assessed the anti-inflammatory activity by nitric oxide production in various leaf extracts determined by Griess assay. Results: All the spectral results suggest that the compounds from the extract contain aromatic nucleus and OH group along with methoxy group, allyl as well as vinyl group. Fractions of chloroform/methanolic (7:3) leaf extract of Lawsonia inermis confirmed the presence of the two constituents i.e. fraxetin and 1(3H)-isobenzofuranone. We observed significant difference in cytotoxicity at higher concentrations in methanol and chloroform:methanol (8:2) leaf extracts (p>0.05), we could not find any significant differences amongst other leaf extracts at different concentrations. Some leaf extracts have potential cytotoxic activity on vero cells. Reducing the chloroform concentration during extraction decreases the cytotoxic effect on the cells. The nitric oxide levels decreased from 1000 µg/ml concentration to lower concentrations with varying degree. Overall the highest nitric oxide production by CHCl3 (70%)/ MeOH (30%) was observed amongst various fractions at different concentrations. Conclusion: The phytochemical, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory studies indicating the potential of leaves of the plant to provide a way further for their use in medicine. Fraxetin 1(3H)-isobenzofuranone structures were confirmed in fractions of CHCl3 (70%)/ MeOH (30%) extract as observed as a potent constituents. Some leaf extracts have potential cytotoxic activity on vero cells. Reducing the chloroform concentration during extraction decreases the cytotoxic effect on the cells.The cytotoxicity studies indicates the presence of cytotoxic compounds in some of these extracts, warranting research for fabrication of suitable formulations comprising these constituents to reduce its dose/toxicity for the use of beneficial effects of the plant components.

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