scholarly journals AVANCES EN EL DISEÑO DE UNA RED DE ÁREAS MARINAS PROTEGIDAS: ESTRATEGIA DE CONSERVACIÓN PARA EL NORTE DEL CARIBE CONTINENTAL COLOMBIANO

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Alonso C. ◽  
Carolina Segura Quintero ◽  
Paula Castillo Torres ◽  
José Gerhantz Muro
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
National Expert ◽  
Mpa Network

Ecological representative marine protected areas (MPA) establishment is an important management tool for natural marine and coastal resources use regulation and biodiversity protection. Through a systematized selection process using MARXAN decision support system (DSS), the first Colombian Northern Caribbean MPA network was designed. Fifty-one conservation targets at different biological organization levels (ecosystems, communities and species) as well as archeological, historical, and indigenous cultural important sites were identified based on national expert knowledge. Target and coastal systems (Tayrona, Palomino, and Guajira) quantitative conservation goals were established using four criteria: type, abundance, natural condition, and vulnerability. Conservation goals ranged between ≤ 10, 30, 60, and 100%. A portfolio with 63 priority conservation sites, equivalent to an area of 129964 ha, was identified. Based on their high representativeness, habitat heterogeneity, naturalness, and vulnerable life stages 32 sites (71971 ha) were selected above all to be included in the MPA network. Follow up detailed “planning site” is now required to identify boundaries, short and middle time conservation strategies and adequate national category management type proposal. Priority conservation sites adjacent to existing protected areas are suggested as extendable areas over the submerged boundaries.

scholarly journals Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as a Fisheries Management Tool for the Nassau Grouper (Epinephelus striatus) in Belize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Beneditti
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Nassau Grouper ◽  
Aggregation Site ◽  
Epinephelus Striatus ◽  
Mpa Network

The Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus, was once an important commercial fish species in the Caribbean, but is now considered commercially extinct throughout its range. Protection measures have included protection of adults via seasonal closures and spawning aggregation site reserves (SASRs). Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a promising fisheries management tool being used increasingly worldwide but are not specifically directed at the conservation of Nassau grouper. This thesis uses Belize as a case study location to determine how the established MPA network may contribute towards its protection. It was found that the Belize MPA network as a system may not contribute greatly, however, on an individual basis some MPAs contribute more to protection than others. Those MPAs which have characteristics most suitable for this species are Gladden Spit and Silk Cayes, Sapodilla Cayes, Bacalar Chico, Glovers Reef, Hol Chan, and South Water Caye Marine Reserves.

scholarly journals Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) as a Fisheries Management Tool for the Nassau Grouper (Epinephelus striatus) in Belize

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa S. Beneditti
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Nassau Grouper ◽  
Aggregation Site ◽  
Epinephelus Striatus ◽  
Mpa Network

The Nassau grouper, Epinephelus striatus, was once an important commercial fish species in the Caribbean, but is now considered commercially extinct throughout its range. Protection measures have included protection of adults via seasonal closures and spawning aggregation site reserves (SASRs). Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a promising fisheries management tool being used increasingly worldwide but are not specifically directed at the conservation of Nassau grouper. This thesis uses Belize as a case study location to determine how the established MPA network may contribute towards its protection. It was found that the Belize MPA network as a system may not contribute greatly, however, on an individual basis some MPAs contribute more to protection than others. Those MPAs which have characteristics most suitable for this species are Gladden Spit and Silk Cayes, Sapodilla Cayes, Bacalar Chico, Glovers Reef, Hol Chan, and South Water Caye Marine Reserves.

scholarly journals Expert knowledge assessment of threats and conservation strategies for breeding Hen Harrier and Short-eared Owl across Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
DARÍO FERNÁNDEZ-BELLON ◽  
JOHN LUSBY ◽  
JULES BOS ◽  
TONIO SCHAUB ◽  
ALAN MCCARTHY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Conservation Threats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hen Harrier

Summary Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus and Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus are open-country birds of prey with overlapping distributions. Although both species face similar conservation threats across their ranges, work to date has largely been undertaken at a national scale with few attempts to collate and assess factors relevant to their conservation at an international scale. Here we use an expert knowledge approach to evaluate the impact of conservation threats and the effectiveness of conservation strategies for each species across Europe. We report results of responses to a questionnaire from 23 Hen Harrier experts from nine countries and 12 Short-eared Owl experts from six countries. The majority of responses for both species reported declines in breeding numbers. The perceived impact of threats was broadly similar for both species: ecological factors (predation, extreme weather and prey availability), changes in land use (habitat loss and agricultural intensification) and indirect persecution (accidental nest destruction) were considered to be the greatest threats to breeding Hen Harrier and Short-eared Owl. Short-eared Owl experts also highlighted lack of knowledge and difficulties associated with monitoring as a major conservation challenge. Despite broad-scale similarities, geographical variation was also apparent in the perceived importance of conservation threats, with some threats (such as direct persecution, large-scale afforestation or habitat degradation) requiring country-specific actions. Implementation of different conservation strategies also varied between countries, with the designation of protected areas reported as the most widespread conservation strategy adopted, followed by species and habitat management. However, protected areas (including species-specific protected areas) were perceived to be less effective than active management of species and habitats. These findings highlight the overlap between the conservation requirements of these two species, and the need for collaborative international research and conservation approaches that prioritise pro-active conservation strategies subject to continued assessment and with specific conservation goals.

Using biological survey data when selecting Marine Protected Areas: an operational framework and associated risks

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Vanderklift ◽  
T. J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Spatial Uncertainty ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Biological Survey ◽  
Biological Variables

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are one of the main tools for protecting marine biodiversity, but they are often selected on the basis of little or no ecological data. As a result, there is a risk that MPAs will not successfully protect marine biodiversity. We propose an operational framework to help prioritize the need for information, and to direct the subsequent collection of appropriate biological data. The framework consists of 7 steps: (1) formulating clearly-defined objectives, (2) a broad-scale classification based on easily accessible surrogates, (3) identifying biological variables for detailed survey, (4) assessing the utility of surrogates, (5) designing and implementing the biological survey, (6) modelling and using inferential statistics to optimize the use of existing knowledge, and (7) validating candidate areas. Each step in the framework involves identifying areas of uncertainty, and the risks that a MPA will fail to achieve its intended objectives. The aim of our operational framework is to make the risks and uncertainties clear, and to force decisions to be made to minimise their potential impact on the outcome of the MPA selection process. We identify four key ecological uncertainties in MPA identification: (1) the reliability of surrogates, (2) spatial uncertainty in survey data, (3) temporal uncertainty in the patterns of the biodiversity in the MPA, and (4) uncertainty in the degree to which important ecological processes will be maintained. We conclude that the key to success in a MPA selection process is the use of clearly specified objectives for the MPA and an explicit assessment of uncertainties involved. We contend that without a competent ecological basis, new MPAs may be little more than the political exercises to appease lobby groups, and are unlikely to be effective tools in protecting marine biodiversity from continuing decay.

scholarly journals Marine nature conservation and conflicts with fisheries

AMBIO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1328-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Grip ◽  
Sven Blomqvist
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Management Tools

AbstractGlobally, conflicts between marine nature conservation and fishery interests are common and increasing, and there is often a glaring lack of dialogue between stakeholders representing these two interests. There is a need for a stronger and enforced coordination between fishing and conservation authorities when establishing marine protected areas for conservation purposes. We propose that an appropriate instrument for such coordination is a broad ecosystem-based marine spatial planning procedure, representing neither nature conservation nor fishery. Strategic environmental assessment for plans and programmes and environmental impact assessment for projects are commonly used tools for assessing the environmental impacts of different human activities, but are seldom used for evaluating the environmental effects of capture fisheries. The diversity of fisheries and the drastic effects of some fisheries on the environment are strong arguments for introducing these procedures as valuable supplements to existing fisheries assessment and management tools and able to provide relevant environmental information for an overall marine spatial planning process. Marine protected areas for nature conservation and for protection of fisheries have different objectives. Therefore, the legal procedure when establishing marine protected areas should depend on whether they are established for nature conservation purposes or as a fisheries resource management tool. Fishing in a marine protected area for conservation purpose should be regulated according to conservation law. Also, we argue that marine protected areas for conservation purposes, in the highest protection category, should primarily be established as fully protected marine national parks and marine reserves.

Interactions of productivity, predation risk, and fishing effort in the efficacy of marine protected areas for the central Pacific

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1320-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J.D. Martell ◽  
Timothy E Essington ◽  
Bob Lessard ◽  
James F Kitchell ◽  
Carl J Walters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Central Pacific ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Catch Statistics

Ecospace biomass-dynamics models for the central North Pacific predict strong space-time variation in abundances of various trophic groups in relation to nutrient-driven patterns in primary production and circulation-driven concentration of production in convergence areas. The model predicts simple patterns in ecosystem organization and abundances along productivity gradients. Predicted patterns are robust to alternative assumptions about how mobile organisms may alter dispersal behavior in relation to local fitness (per capita gain from net food intake minus predation mortality). Large marine protected areas (MPAs) would be needed to rebuild endangered populations and counter impacts of growing fishing effort. We expected that increases in dispersal rate in response to lower food availability and higher predation risk would reduce efficacy of MPAs as a management tool. Instead, simulations indicated that this negative effect may generally be eliminated or even reversed by positive effects of fitness-maximizing behaviors. Interannual variability in ocean circulation can further reduce the efficacy of MPAs; therefore, the dynamic nature of pelagic environments should also be considered in MPA design. Anomalies in ocean circulation may shift productive areas relative to MPA location, resulting in increased fishing mortality and (or) misinterpretation of catch statistics.

scholarly journals Taking home-ranges into account for Mediterranean MPAs could offer increased recovery benefits

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
OCTO
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Home Ranges

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a common fisheries management tool that relies on the assumption that species protected within a spatially-explicit area are allowed to recover and later “spill over” the boundaries of the MPA where they may be harvested. By fully protecting an MPA, species inside will grow and reproduce a steady supply of “spilled over” fish to be harvested. But how large of an area should you protect at a minimum to offer this benefit?

scholarly journals Identification of limiting climatic and geographical variables for the distribution of the tortoiseChelonoidis chilensis(Testudinidae): a baseline for conservation actions

PeerJ ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ruete ◽  
Gerardo C. Leynaud
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Predictive Distribution ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Qualitative Description ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Management Actions

Background.Just as for most other tortoise species, the once common Chaco tortoise,Chelonoidis chilensis(Testudinidae), is under constant threat across it distribution in Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. Despite initial qualitative description of the species distribution and further individual reports of new locations for the species, there is no description of the species distribution in probabilistic terms. With this work we aim to produce an updated predictive distribution map forC. chilensisto serve as a baseline management tool for directed strategic conservation planning.Methods.We fitted a spatially expanded logistic regression model within the Bayesian framework that accounts for uncertainty on presence-only and generated pseudo-absence data into the parameter estimates. We contrast the results with reported data for the national networks of protected areas to assess the inclusion of the species in area-based conservation strategies.Results.We obtained maps with predictions of the occurrence of the species and reported the model’s uncertainty spatially. The model suggests that potential suitable habitats for the species are continuous across Argentina, West Paraguay and South Bolivia, considering the variables, the scale and the resolution used. The main limiting variables were temperature-related variables, and precipitation in the reproductive period.Discussion.Given the alarming low density and coverage of protected areas over the distribution area ofC. chilensis, the map produced provides a baseline to identify areas where directed strategic conservation management actions would be more efficient for this and other associated species.

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