P6054 Limited MHC diversity and an exotic virus may have contributed to the decline of red squirrels in the United Kingdom

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
K. Ballingall ◽  
A. McIntyre ◽  
Z. Lin ◽  
C. J. McInnes
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Mhc Diversity

scholarly journals BONE ASSESSMENT OF FREE-LIVING RED SQUIRRELS (SCIURUS VULGARIS) FROM THE UNITED KINGDOM

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M. Garriga ◽  
Anthony W. Sainsbury ◽  
Allen E. Goodship
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Bone Assessment

scholarly journals ORAL DISEASE IN FREE-LIVING RED SQUIRRELS (SCIURUS VULGARIS) IN THE UNITED KINGDOM

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony W. Sainsbury ◽  
Amalia Kountouri ◽  
George DuBoulay ◽  
Peter Kertesz
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
The United Kingdom

scholarly journals Bacterial Pathogens and Symbionts Harboured by Ixodes ricinus Ticks Parasitising Red Squirrels in the United Kingdom

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Lisa Luu ◽  
Ana M. Palomar ◽  
Gemma Farrington ◽  
Anna-Katarina Schilling ◽  
Shonnette Premchand-Branker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Grey Squirrel ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks

Red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) are native to most of Eurasia; in much of the United Kingdom, they have been supplanted by the non-native grey squirrel, and are considered an endangered species. Very little is known about the range of tick-borne pathogens to which UK red squirrels are exposed. As part of trap-and-release surveys examining prevalence of Mycobacterium spp. in red squirrel populations on two UK islands, Ixodes ricinus ticks were removed from squirrels and PCR screened for Borrelia spp., intracellular arthropod-borne bacteria and the parasitic wasp Ixodiphagus hookeri. At both sites, the most commonly encountered tick-transmitted bacterium was Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (overall minimum prevalence 12.7%), followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum (overall minimum prevalence 1.6%). Single ticks infected with Spiroplasma were found at both sites, and single ticks infected with Borrelia miyamotoi or an Ehrlichia sp. at one site. Ticks harbouring Wolbachia (overall minimum prevalence 15.2%) were all positive for I. hookeri. Our study shows that UK red squirrels are potentially exposed to a variety of bacterial pathogens via feeding ticks. The effects on the health and survival of this already vulnerable wildlife species are unknown, and further studies are needed to evaluate the threat posed to red squirrels by Borrelia and other tick-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals New World origins for haemoparasites infecting United Kingdom grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), as revealed by phylogenetic analysis of bartonella infecting squirrel populations in England and the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. BOWN ◽  
B. A. ELLIS ◽  
R. J. BIRTLES ◽  
L. A. DURDEN ◽  
J. LELLO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
New World ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sciurus Carolinensis ◽  
Red Squirrel ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Grey Squirrels

Phylogenetic analyses of bartonella have suggested divergence between bartonellae that infect mammals native to the Old and New Worlds. We characterized bartonella isolated from Eastern grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in the United States and from grey and red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in the United Kingdom by nucleotide sequence comparison (gltA and groEL). Isolates from grey squirrels in the United States and the United Kingdom were identical, and most similar to Bartonella vinsonii, a species associated with New World rodents. A single and novel bartonella genotype was obtained from all 12 red squirrel isolates. Although grey squirrels were first introduced into the United Kingdom over 125 years ago, they continue to be infected solely by the bartonella associated with grey squirrels native to the United States. These results illustrate that exotic species may be accompanied by the introduction and maintenance, over many generations, of their microparasites.

scholarly journals Epidemics of squirrelpox virus disease in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris): temporal and serological findings

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. CARROLL ◽  
P. RUSSELL ◽  
J. GURNELL ◽  
P. NETTLETON ◽  
A. W. SAINSBURY
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Sciurus Vulgaris ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Red Squirrels ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Squirrelpox Virus

SUMMARYSquirrelpox virus (SQPV) causes a fatal disease in free-living red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) which has contributed to their decline in the United Kingdom. Given the difficulty of carrying out and funding experimental investigations on free-living wild mammals, data collected from closely monitored natural outbreaks of disease is crucial to our understanding of disease epidemiology. A conservation programme was initiated in the 1990s to bolster the population of red squirrels in the coniferous woodland of Thetford Chase, East Anglia. In 1996, 24 red squirrels were reintroduced to Thetford from Northumberland and Cumbria, while in 1999 a captive breeding and release programme commenced, but in both years the success of the projects was hampered by an outbreak of SQPV disease in which seven and four red squirrels died respectively. Valuable information on the host–pathogen dynamics of SQPV disease was gathered by telemetric and mark–recapture monitoring of the red squirrels. SQPV disease characteristics were comparable to other virulent poxviral infections: the incubation period was <15 days; the course of the disease an average of 10 days and younger animals were significantly more susceptible to disease. SQPV disease places the conservation of the red squirrel in jeopardy in the United Kingdom unless practical disease control methods can be identified.

A comparison of the United Kingdom Clinical Aptitude Test (UK-CAT) with a traditional admission selection process

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishan Fernando ◽  
Gordon Prescott ◽  
Jennifer Cleland ◽  
Kathryn Greaves ◽  
Hamish McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Aptitude Test ◽  
The United Kingdom

Research on Schizophrenia: A View From the United Kingdom

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 800-801
Author(s):  
Michael F. Pogue-Geile
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United Kingdom
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