Munkapiaci trendek a koronavírus-járvány idején

A koronavírus-járvány megjelenése szignifikáns hatást gyakorol a világ gazdasági folyamataira és a társadalom egészére egyaránt. A folyamatos működés érdekében a legtöbb vállalat lehetővé tette munkavállalóinak, hogy munkájukat otthonról végezhessék. Annak érdekében, hogy pontosabb képet kaphassunk a koronavírus járvány munkaerő-piaci szereplőkre gyakorolt hatásáról, kvantitatív kutatást végzett a szerző. A közösségi média segítségével, online közzé tett kérdőív kiváló lehetőséget nyújtott számára, hogy a lakosság egy részének véleményét megismerhesse a témával kapcsolatban. A kapott válaszok eredményei pedig jelentős mértékben hozzájárultak ahhoz, hogy feltárja a COVID-19 vírus munkaerőpiacra gyakorolt hatását és az érintettek home office-hoz való hozzáállását, tapasztalatait. Kutatási eredményei alapján arra a következtetésre jutott, hogy a jövőben a munkáltatók és a munkavállalók szoros együttműködése hozzájárulhat ahhoz, hogy a válság által okozott károkat felszámolják és elősegíthessék a foglalkoztatás újbóli fellendítését.

The moderating role of remote work in the relationship between organizational culture and OCB: case studies from the financial sector

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to show how remote working affects employees' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted research on organizations in the financial sector, as this segment was able to easily adapt to the challenges of remote working and teleworking. They used the case study approach: they analyzed organizational documents and management communications related to crisis management back to March 2020, when the pandemic started in Hungary, and conducted semi-structured interviews with managers and subordinates.FindingsThe results highlighted that the dominant organizational culture determines the effects of remote working on OCB. In organizations with a dominant market culture, OCB has changed the least because of the home office, with only a decline in the dimension of civic virtue. In organizations with a dominant clan culture, conscientiousness decreased, while the other three dimensions increased. The dominant hierarchy culture reacted the most unfavorably, excluding the dimension of courtesy, as all dimensions decreased.Originality/valueThe study shows how the pandemic and working in home office have changed the dimensions of OCB in different organizational cultures.

Percepções de acadêmicos e professores quanto ao ensino remoto durante a pandemia de Covid-19

Devido à pandemia do Covid-19, o ensino presencial passou a ser desenvolvido de forma remota, com auxílio de tecnologias digitais, ao passo que as instituições de ensino precisaram se adaptar rapidamente ao novo formato para manter as atividades previstas. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a percepção dos discentes e docentes do Curso de Ciências Contábeis com relação ao ensino remoto desenvolvido durante o período de pandemia. A pesquisa em questão é do tipo qualitativa e trata-se de um estudo de caso, o instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foram entrevistas. Os principais resultados a serem destacados foram: a necessária adaptação ao novo formato de ensino, bem como conciliar estudos e home office, o aumento da quantidade de tarefas que impôs a organização pessoal e trabalhos em grupo. Ligado a esses fatores e ao distanciamento, o diálogo passou a ser ponto forte e necessário para a condução das atividades entre professores e graduandos.

Im Osten was Neues – Agile Transformation bei KOMSA

ZusammenfassungDer europäische ITK-Dienstleister KOMSA setzte unter Führung des neuen Vorstandsvorsitzenden und Finanzvorstands Pierre-Pascal Urbon mit dem Projekt Transformation 2020 in nur 7 Monaten die größte Veränderung seit der Unternehmensgründung um. Mit den Ideen und Impulsen der Mitarbeiter hat KOMSA die Komplexität reduziert und eine neue Führungs- und Steuerungsfunktion eingeführt. Im Rahmen des Projekts führte der Vorstand eine Leadership Journey durch, um ein neues Führungsverständnis zu vermitteln. Die Umsetzung erfolgte mit agilen Methoden, sowohl vor Ort als auch aus dem Home-Office. Der Artikel beschreibt die Ausgangslage, die Mentalität der Mitarbeiter des sächsischen Familienunternehmens, den Prozess sowie die Sichtweisen der Aufsichtsratsvorsitzenden Kerstin Grosse und der Führungskraft Andrea Fiedler-Braunschweig.

Workshop Pemanfaatan Teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) menggunakan Mikrokontroler ESP32 untuk Guru-Guru SMK

The rapid advancement of information technology and telecommunications has caused Internet of Things (IoT) technology to be increasingly developed and utilized in various activities and tasks at the home, office, school, industry, and others. 24-hour connectivity and various automation features make IoT an effective way to remotely monitor and manage jobs. In the context of learning in Vocational High Schools (SMK), ideally, the use of IoT technology applications is taught by teachers in the field of industrial electronics expertise. The uneven understanding and technical skills of teachers about the application of IoT technology is one of the factors that have not updated the ability of vocational students with IoT technology information. From these problems, the solution offered is to provide technical knowledge and skills to teachers about the use of IoT using a microcontroller so that they can teach it to students. The workshop/training was conducted online which was attended by 20 (twenty) teachers from several vocational schools in the Jakarta, Bekasi, Cibinong, and Bogor areas. In this workshop, theoretical and practical learning about the use of IoT technology is given. The material taught is the development of IoT, the use of the ESP32 IoT development board, and some practical examples using the ESP32 board. In this workshop, IoT learning e-modules (theory and practice) were also distributed which can be used by teachers for independent learning and as teaching materials in SMK. From the workshop, an overview of the understanding and technical skills of teachers regarding IoT technology was obtained which still needs to be improved. The participants were very enthusiastic about participating in the IoT workshop because they got new and useful information and knowledge to improve their competence in the field of industrial electronics technology. The usefulness of this workshop was felt by the participants who gave a positive impression of the material taught by the instructor/lecturer. Abstrak Pesatnya kemajuan teknologi informasi dan telekomunikasi, menyebabkan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) makin berkembang dan dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai kegiatan dan tugas di rumah, kantor, sekolah, industri, dan lainnya. Konektivitas 24 jam serta berbagai fitur otomasi menjadikan IoT sebagai cara efektif untuk memantau dan mengelola berbagai pekerjaan dari jarak jauh. Dalam konteks pembelajaran di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK), maka idealnya pemanfaatan aplikasi teknologi IoT diajarkan oleh para guru bidang keahlian elektronika industri. Belum meratanya pemahaman dan keterampilan teknis guru tentang aplikasi teknologi IoT, menjadi salah satu faktor belum ter-update nya kemampuan siswa SMK dengan informasi teknologi IoT. Dari permasalahan tersebut maka solusi yang ditawarkan adalah dengan memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan teknik kepada guru tentang pemanfaatan IoT menggunakan mikrokontroler sehingga dapat mengajarkannya kepada siswa. Workshop/pelatihan dilaksanakan secara daring yang diikuti peserta guru dari beberapa SMK di wilayah Jakarta, Bekasi, Cibinong dan Bogor sebanyak 20 (dua puluh) orang. Dalam workshop ini diberikan pembelajaran teori dan praktikum tentang pemanfaatan teknologi IoT. Materi yang diajarkan adalah perkembangan IoT, pemanfaatan ESP32 IoT development board, dan beberapa contoh praktikum menggunakan ESP32 board. Dalam workshop ini juga dibagikan e-modul pembelajaran IoT (teori dan praktik) yang dapat digunakan para guru untuk pembelajaran mandiri dan sebagai bahan ajar di SMK. Dari workshop tersebut didapatkan gambaran terkait pemahaman dan keterampilan teknis para guru tentang teknologi IoT yang masih perlu ditingkatkan. Para peserta sangat antusias mengikuti workshop IoT karena mendapatkan informasi dan pengetahuan yang baru dan berguna untuk meningkatkan kompetensinya di bidang teknologi elektronika industri. Kebermanfaatan workshop ini dirasakan sekali oleh para peserta yang memberikan kesan positif dari materi yang diajarkan oleh instruktur/narasumber.

El impacto del home office y el balance de vida y trabajo en la retención de personal de la Generación Y durante el Covid-19

Con la evolución de la tecnología y la declaración de la pandemia, el home office se ha convertido en una pieza clave en las organizaciones, aunado a ellos otro factor importante es el balance entre vida y trabajo, puesto que los roles laborales y personales pueden entrar en conflicto, además las organizaciones han dejado de lado programas para lograr un equilibrio entre la vida personal y laboral lo que impacta la retención laboral. La presente investigación pretende determinar el impacto del home office y el balance entre vida y trabajo en la retención del personal en hombres y mujeres de la generación “Y”. El enfoque utilizado en esta investigación fue de corte cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental y transversal, de alcance descriptivo. La muestra fue de tipo no probabilístico incidental. Los participantes en este estudio fueron 106 jóvenes entre 24 y 28 años, de los cuales el 51% fueron mujeres y el 49% fueron hombres pertenecientes a la Generación “Y”, con trabajo actualmente. Se elaboró un instrumento tipo cuestionario cuyo nombre es “Factores de retención de personal” mismo que tiene 37 ítems con un α= 0.958, para este estudio se tomaron 3 variables dando un total de 19 ítems con un α= 0.917. Se realizó una prueba T-Student cuyos resultados fueron significativos para la variable home office con respecto a la retención de personal, caso contrario fue el resultado de balance entre vida y trabajo en donde no se encontró significancia con la variable de retención de personal a la retención del personal.

O impacto do isolamento social da COVID-19 na auto percepção da saúde geral e emocional de brasileiros

A fim de proteger a população da COVID-19 e conter a disseminação do vírus foi proposto o isolamento social. Porém, o confinamento e as medidas restritivas de circulação geraram impactos negativos na população, no que diz respeito principalmente à saúde e ao aspecto emocional. Objetivo: Analisar o impacto do isolamento social da COVID-19 na autopercepção da saúde geral e emocional de brasileiros. Metodologia: Fizeram parte deste estudo 660 participantes, sendo a coleta realizada de agosto a setembro de 2020 durante a pandemia da Covid -19. Foi aplicado um questionário por meio eletrônico idealizado pelos pesquisadores com 26 perguntas fechadas de múltipla escolha (dados de identificação, saúde em geral e aspectos emocionais). Resultados: Média de idade de 36 anos, sendo 80% do gênero feminino, residentes de todos os estados brasileiros. 36,2% trabalharam em home office e 17,4% perderam o emprego durante a pandemia. 50,7% cumpriram o isolamento social à risca. Dentre os aspectos emocionais a ansiedade (p=0,083) e estresse (p=0,014) foram as mais destacadas, além de existir mudança significativa na alimentação (p=0,017) e presença de zumbido (p=0,070). Dos sujeitos positivos para COVID-19 (n=73) os dados foram significativos para estresse (p=0,017), presença de zumbido (p=0,038) e tontura (p=0,000). Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o isolamento social foi um fator de risco para aumento do estresse, mudança de hábitos alimentares e aparecimento de zumbido, além de uma tendencia maior para ansiedade; e que a infecção por COVID-19 foi um fator de risco para o estresse e para o surgimento de tontura e zumbido entre os participantes.

Inter- and Intra-Individual Variability of Personal Health Risk of Combined Particle and Gaseous Pollutants across Selected Urban Microenvironments

Exposure surrogates, such as air quality measured at a fixed-site monitor (FSM) or residence, are typically used for health estimates. However, people spend various amounts of time in different microenvironments, including the home, office, outdoors and in transit, where they are exposed to different magnitudes of particle and gaseous air pollutants. Health risks caused by air pollution exposure differ among individuals due to differences in activity, microenvironmental concentration, as well as the toxicity of pollutants. We evaluated individual and combined added health risks (AR) of exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and O3 for 21 participants in their daily life based on real-world personal exposure measurements. Exposure errors from using surrogates were quantified. Inter- and intra-individual variability in health risks and key contributors in variations were investigated using linear mixed-effects models and correlation analysis, respectively. Substantial errors were found between personal exposure concentrations and ambient concentrations when using air quality measurements at either FSM or the residence location. The mean exposure errors based on the measurements taken at either the FSM or residence as exposure surrogates was higher for NO2 than PM2.5, because of the larger spatial variability in NO2 concentrations in urban areas. The daily time-integrated AR for the combined PM2.5, NO2, and O3 (TIARcombine) ranged by a factor of 2.5 among participants and by a factor up to 2.5 for a given person across measured days. Inter- and intra-individual variability in TIARcombine is almost equally important. Several factors were identified to be significantly correlated with daily TIARcombine, with the top five factors, including PM2.5, NO2 and O3 concentrations at ‘home indoor’, O3 concentrations at ‘office indoor’ and ambient PM2.5 concentrations. The results on the contributors of variability in the daily TIARcombine could help in targeting interventions to reduce daily health damage related to air pollutants.

Impact of the epidemic on the world economy

The impact of the epidemic on the global economy has exposed the fragility and complexity of the internal and external economic system, and the global economic situation is not optimistic. Taking the epidemic as an example, this paper analyzed the impact of emergencies on the global economy from multiple perspectives. The outbreak of the epidemic has made most offline businesses shut down overnight. At the same time, it has also led to the rapid development of online economy, such as online education, home office software, video entertainment and so on. The outbreak and spread of the epidemic has promoted the digital upgrading of all walks of life, including online government affairs, commerce, science, education, culture and health organization, operation and maintenance. The era of digital economy has come, and digitization is the general trend.