Special Features of Handling Non-defueled K-27 Nuclear Submarine Dumped in the Arctic Following Its Prospective Lifting

Some questions related to the Northern Sea Route status are considered in this paper. An analysis of radiation sources influence on environment, biota and human beings in the Arctic region has been carried out, and stages of this influence formation have been allocated. The world practice of ocean disposal is considered, and the information on nuclear and radiation hazardous objects dumped in the northwest Arctic seas has been submitted. The questions connected with lifting of the nuclear submarine K-27 dumped in the Kara Sea and the nuclear submarine “Komsomolets” sunken in the Norwegian Sea have been stated. Data on a modern radio ecological situation in places of dumped nuclear and radiation hazardous objects have been submitted. Such option of marine environment remediation as dumped/sunken objects lifting has been considered. An analysis of existing Russian technologies for lifting of the dumped/sunken objects has been carried out. The conclusions are drawn that the sunken and dumped objects containing spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste, don´t constitute now real radio ecological danger to the population and environment, but they should be considered as sources of potential danger, whose scales and consequences will depend on protective barriers condition and mechanisms of further migration of radioactive materials in marine ecosystems. Regular complex surveys of the most potentially hazardous dumped/sunken objects’ status during joint international scientific and research expeditions should be a first step towards this problem solution.

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A Submarine Sonar Study of Arctic Pack Ice

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/s002214300003447x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 15 (73) ◽

pp. 349-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Williams Elizabeth ◽

Swithinbank Charles ◽

G.DE Q. Robin

Keyword(s):

Arctic Ocean ◽

Beam Width ◽

The Arctic ◽

First Year ◽

Nuclear Submarine ◽

The North ◽

Pack Ice ◽

The Arctic Ocean ◽

Radio Echo Sounding ◽

Level Ice

AbstractA continuous profile of the Arctic Ocean ice canopy from Spitsbergen to the North Pole was made with 48 kHz echo sounders mourned on a nuclear submarine. A semi-automatic digitizer was used to measure coordinates from the records at a frequency of about 1 000 points per linear kilometre of track. Methods derived for the reconstruction of subglacial relief from 35 MHz radio-echo sounding records were applied to eliminate part of the distortion due to the 20° beam width of the sounders. A corrected profile was used to obtain ice drafts at 2 m intervals. Data were analysed in 10 km sections and figures were summarized for each degree of latitude. The results include: mean ice draft, percentage of ice less than 0.3 m draft, and percentage of level ice. Histograms show the level ice drafts which occur most frequently, and these may indicate the ratio of first-year to older ice. The number of ice keels is listed together with their mean draft and draft distribution. Definitions are found to be of overriding importance in the comparison of data from different areas.

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Russian eco-policies are shaped by climate scepticism

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db229128 ◽

2018 ◽

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Waste Management ◽

Nuclear Fuel ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽

Oil Spills ◽

The Arctic ◽

Nuclear Submarine ◽

Foreign Agent ◽

Content Type

Subject The Russian government's environmental priorities. Significance The success of Russia's Ecology Year in 2017 was limited by budget shortages, controversy around waste management projects and official lack of concern about climate change. 'Foreign agent' legislation has forced many NGOs working on environmental matters to shut down or curtail their operations. Impacts Official reticence on the 2017 discovery of high levels of ruthenium-106 near a Urals nuclear plant reflects acute political sensitivities. The Arctic is a focus for hydrocarbons development but few technologies exist to deal with oil spills in its waters. Reprocessing spent nuclear submarine fuel at Andreyeva Bay will take another ten years owing to damaged caskets. The import of spent nuclear fuel, legalised in 2001, is another potential risk to the environment.

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A British submarine expedition to the North Pole, 1976

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247400000966 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 18 (116) ◽

pp. 487-491 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Peter Wadhams

Keyword(s):

Arctic Ocean ◽

Arctic Basin ◽

North Pole ◽

The Arctic ◽

Scientific Programme ◽

Nuclear Submarine ◽

The North ◽

The Arctic Ocean ◽

Polar Research Institute ◽

Research Institute

In October 1976 HM nuclear submarine Sovereign was sent into the Arctic Ocean on a voyage to the North Pole. This was the second Royal Naval submarine deployment in the Arctic Ocean, the first being the voyage of the Dreadnought in 1971. Sovereign was accompanied by HM submarine Narwhal as far as 80°N, and within the Arctic Basin the submarine's track was flown over by a Canadian Argus maritime patrol aircraft. The Scott Polar Research Institute carried out a scientific programme from both vessels, with Dr P. Wadhams aboard Sovereign and V. A. Squire aboard Narwhal.

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A Submarine Sonar Study of Arctic Pack Ice

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.1017/s002214300003447x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 15 (73) ◽

pp. 349-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Williams Elizabeth ◽

Swithinbank Charles ◽

G.DE Q. Robin

Keyword(s):

Arctic Ocean ◽

Beam Width ◽

The Arctic ◽

First Year ◽

Nuclear Submarine ◽

The North ◽

Pack Ice ◽

The Arctic Ocean ◽

Radio Echo Sounding ◽

Level Ice

Abstract A continuous profile of the Arctic Ocean ice canopy from Spitsbergen to the North Pole was made with 48 kHz echo sounders mourned on a nuclear submarine. A semi-automatic digitizer was used to measure coordinates from the records at a frequency of about 1 000 points per linear kilometre of track. Methods derived for the reconstruction of subglacial relief from 35 MHz radio-echo sounding records were applied to eliminate part of the distortion due to the 20° beam width of the sounders. A corrected profile was used to obtain ice drafts at 2 m intervals. Data were analysed in 10 km sections and figures were summarized for each degree of latitude. The results include: mean ice draft, percentage of ice less than 0.3 m draft, and percentage of level ice. Histograms show the level ice drafts which occur most frequently, and these may indicate the ratio of first-year to older ice. The number of ice keels is listed together with their mean draft and draft distribution. Definitions are found to be of overriding importance in the comparison of data from different areas.

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Morphology of the Eurasian Arctic basin

Polar Record ◽

10.1017/s0032247400064901 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 14 (92) ◽

pp. 619-628 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

G. Leonard Johnson

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Arctic Basin ◽

The Arctic ◽

Nuclear Submarine ◽

Sea Floor ◽

The North

The shape of the sea floor of the Arctic Basin is slowly being revealed by ice island programmes, icebreakers working the peripheral edges, under-ice nuclear submarine explorations and isolated ice landings by aircraft (Ostenso, 1962). The topographical features of the North American side of the Arctic have been studied by numerous investigators (Kutschale, 1966; DeLeeuw, 1967; Vogt and Ostenso, 1968), and are well documented. The Eurasian portion of the Arctic Basin is, however, less well known.

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