scholarly journals Changes in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Canada between 1994 and 2007

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
Scott Mandich
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Sullivan Method ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

Life expectancy at birth continues to increase in Canada, reaching 81.2 years in 2009. Knowing whether these older years are healthy or disabled is critical for policymakers. We examine changes in disability-free life expectancy for men and women in Canada in 1994 and 2007 using the Sullivan method. We find that increases in life expectancy for men were due to a moderate increase in healthy years and a larger increase in disabled years. The increases in life expectancy for womenwere driven almost completely by increases in disabled years, suggesting an “expansion of morbidity” among women.

scholarly journals Trends in Education-specific Differences in Disability-Free Life Expectancy in Spain, 2008-2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Voigt ◽  
Sebastian Daza ◽  
Dariya Ordanovich ◽  
Alberto Palloni
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Education Differentials ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Expansion Of Morbidity

Background: There is mounting evidence for a recent increase of social disparities in chronicdisease prevalence and mortality. However, little is known about how these trends are reflected incombined measures of morbidity, disability and mortality.Method: We use two nationally representative surveys of the Spanish population for the years2008 to 2017 and standard measures of expected duration of disability and illness to assess timetrends and social disparities in mortality, morbidity and expected years lived in disability (DFLE)and with chronic illness (chrDFLE). We provide empirical evidence of shifting trends for thesemeasures. We then decompose these changes into contributions associated with disability, chronicillness and mortality. Finally, we estimate the size of education differentials in DFLE and chrDFLEand evaluate the magnitude and direction of changes of these differentials over time.Results: While the disability based indicator suggests a decrease of expected years withoutdisability for both men and women (expansion of morbidity), the morbidity based indicator showsan increase in time spend free of chronic disease for women but a slight decrease for men. Thedecrease in time spent without disability was observed for all education groups but is particularlymarked for those with low education.Conclusion: We find evidence of an expansion of morbidity in Spain between 2008 and 2017.The bulk of this development is related to increases in time spent with functional limitations overthis period. These patterns occur in conjuncture with growing social disparities in time spend withchronic illness or disability.

scholarly journals Disease-free life expectancy has not improved in Spain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Pilar Zueras ◽  
Elisenda Rentería
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Chronic Back Pain ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Present Trend ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Continuous Progression

The COVID-19 pandemic has put a stop to the continuous progression in life expectancy at birth, in which Spain was one of the world leaders. Although this downward effect is a result of the present conjuncture and it is hoped that recovery will be swift in the coming years, this situation has led us to consider the evolution prior to the pandemic. It is true that the increase in number of years of life has been progressive and steady but, in recent years, these gains have not implied improved health among the older population. Disability-free life expectancy at the age of 65 has been very stable over time, but the figures are less encouraging when the presence of diseases and chronic conditions are taken into account. In this issue of Demographic Perspectives, we investigate whether there have been gains or losses in years of disease-free life for men and women at the age of 65 in Spain and by autonomous community (AC) in the years 2006, 2012, and 2017. The results indicate that increased life expectancy will also mean that people will live more time with diagnosed diseases unless the present trend is reversed. The most common ailments and conditions include hypertension, chronic back pain, diabetes, and heart disease. The differences between men and women tend to converge in years of life in good health, mainly as a result of a lengthening of time lived in poor health among men.Cabré, A. (1995) “Notes sobre la Transició familiar”. Transcription of the lecture presented at the seminar “Família i canvi social” for the United Nations Association of Spain, Barcelona, 1994. Papers de Demografia, Nº 96

Trends in Partial Disability-Free Life Expectancy between the Ages of 45 and 70 in Canada, 2000–2014

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Judith Lefebvre ◽  
Yves Carrière
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Utility Index ◽  
Health Utility ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Utility Index ◽  
Community Health Survey ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Sullivan Method

Abstract To better evaluate the benefits of a possible increase in the normal retirement age, this article proposes to examine recent trends in the health status of Canadians between 45 and 70 years of age. Using the Sullivan method, trends from 2000 to 2014 in partial disability-free life expectancy (PDFLE) between the ages of 45 and 70 years are computed. Disability is estimated using attributes of the Health Utility Index correlated with the capacity to work, and is looked at by level of severity. Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey were used to estimate the prevalence of disability. Results reveal a slight increase in partial life expectancy between the ages of 45 and 70, and a larger number of those years spent in poor health since the beginning of the 2000s. Hence, this study brings no evidence in support of the postponement of the normal retirement age if this policy were solely based on gains in life expectancy.

Disability-free life expectancy at old ages in Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Soha Metwally
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Functional Difficulties ◽  
Disability Prevalence ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Type Data ◽  
Sullivan Method

Abstract This study aimed to estimate among the older population in Egypt (aged 60 years and over): 1) disability prevalence rates, their levels of severity and the common types and 2) disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by sex, age and disability type. Data were from the nationally representative 2016 Household Observatory Survey (HOS-2016), with 4658 persons aged 60+ constituting the study sample population. To identify individuals with disabilities, the HOS asked respondents a short set of questions on functional difficulties, as suggested by the United Nations Washington Group on Disability Statistics. The DFLE was estimated using the Sullivan method. Older (60+) women reported a higher prevalence of disability than older men. Women had longer DFLEs and longer disabled life expectancies (DLEs) than men but had lower proportions of DFLE to their total lifetime. The findings suggest that, at age 60, around 30% of life expectancy in Egypt can be expected to be with limitations in mobility and vision. Men, although they live for fewer years than women, can expect to have a greater proportion of their life expectancy free of disability. The findings of the study suggest that the contextual differences in how the process of ageing is experienced need to be considered by decision-makers when designing gender-responsive health policies.

Persistent social inequality in life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy: Outlook for a differential pension age in Denmark?

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Brønnum-Hansen ◽  
Mette Lindholm Eriksen ◽  
Karen Andersen-Ranberg ◽  
Bernard Jeune
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pension Age ◽  
Old Men

Aims: The state old-age pension in Denmark increases to keep pace with the projected increase in average life expectancy (LE) without any regard to the social gap in LE and expected lifetime in good health. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in LE and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) between groups of Danes with high, medium and low levels of education. Methods: Nationwide register data on education and mortality were combined with data from the Surveys of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) surveys in 2006–2007, 2010–2011 and 2013–2014 and the DFLE by educational level was estimated by Sullivan’s method for each of these three time points. Results: Between 2006–2007 and 2013–2014, LE among 65-year-old men and women with a low educational level increased by 1.3 and 1.0 years, respectively, and by 1.4 and 1.3 years for highly educated men and women. The gap in LE between people with high and low levels of education remained more than 2 years. In 2006–2007, 65-year-old men with a high level of education could expect 3.2 more years without disability than men of the same age with a low level of education. In 2013–2014, the difference was 2.9 years. For women, the results were 3.7 and 3.4 years, respectively. Conclusions: With the persistent social inequality in LE of more than 2 years and the continuous gap between high and low educational groups in DFLE of about 3 years, a differential pension age is recommended.

scholarly journals Trends of Healthy Life Expectancy of the Elderly in China in 1994–2015: Revisiting From the Perspective of Morbidity Transition

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Junhan Dong ◽  
Chenyuan Zhao ◽  
Qiang Li
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Healthy Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Sullivan Method

Research on healthy life expectancy (HLE) in China has been fueled by a spate of new data sources and studies, yet no consensus is reached on the pattern of HLE changes and the underlying mechanism. This study examined the change of HLE in China over 20 years with long term national data. Health status, measured by activities of daily living, is combined with mortality to calculate the disability-free life expectancy by the Sullivan method. The results show that the HLE rose slower than life expectancy (LE) in 1994–2004, indicating morbidity expansion. However, in 2010–2015, the proportion of HLE to LE increased, manifesting morbidity compression. A counterfactual analysis further shows that health improvement has been increasingly important in increasing HLE in 2010–2015, despite the dominance of mortality decline. The findings suggest that morbidity can transition between compression, expansion and dynamic equilibrium over a long period due to different combinations of mortality and health improvements. Given the limited data in this study, whether and how morbidity transitions unfold in the future remains open and requires further research.

Increasing inequalities in disability-free life expectancy among older adults in Sweden 2002–2014

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482110623
Author(s):  
Louise Sundberg ◽  
Neda Agahi ◽  
Jonas W. Wastesson ◽  
Johan Fritzell ◽  
Stefan Fors
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Educational Differences ◽  
Total Life Expectancy ◽  
Disability Free Life Expectancy ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
Sullivan Method ◽  
Total Life

Background: In an aging society with increasing old age life expectancy, it has become increasingly important to monitor the health development in the population. This paper combines information on mortality and disability and explores educational inequalities in disability-free life expectancy in the aging population in Sweden, and to what extent these inequalities have increased or decreased over time. Methods: A random sample of the Swedish population aged 77 years and above ( n=2895) provided information about disability in the population in the years 2002, 2004, 2011 and 2014. The prevalence of disability was assessed by five items of personal activities of daily living and incorporated in period life tables for the corresponding years, using the Sullivan method. The analyses were stratified by sex and educational attainment. Estimates at ages 77 and 85 years are presented. Results: Disability-free life expectancy at age 77 years increased more than total life expectancy for all except men with lower education. Women with higher education had a 2.7-year increase and women with lower education a 1.6-year increase. The corresponding numbers for men were 2.0 and 0.8 years. The educational gap in disability-free life expectancy increased by 1.2 years at age 77 years for both men and women. Conclusions: While most of the increase in life expectancy was years free from disability, men with lower education had an increase of years with disability. The educational differences prevailed and increased over the period as the gains in disability-free life expectancy were smaller among those with lower education.

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