Current issues of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) breeding, seed production and import substitution programs in Russia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Золотарев ◽  
Н. Переправо
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
State Register ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Clover Seed

Среди многолетних трав клевер ползучий (Trifolium repens L.) является одним из лучших бобовых компонентов для создания культурных луговых и пастбищных агрофитоценозов в районах с умеренным климатом. На основе биологических особенностей клевера ползучего показана эффективность использования этой культуры для лугопастбищного кормопроизводства страны. Дан краткий анализ опыта возделывания клевера ползучего за рубежом. Показано значение хозяйственно полезных признаков сортов на эффективность их использования в травосмесях. Приведён материал по ботанической классификации разновидностей клевера ползучего и особенностям хозяйственного использования сортов разных морфотипов. Показана различная эффективность импортных и отечественных сортов клевера при их возделывании в почвенно-климатических условиях России. В настоящее время в Государственном реестре селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию на территории РФ, зарегистрировано 27 сортов клевера ползучего, из них девять (33) отечественной селекции. Актуализирована необходимость усиления селекционной работы по выведению новых сортов, адаптированных к разнообразным почвенно-климатическим условиям и определённым режимам пастьбы. На основании этого обозначены направления селекции. Высокий рыночный спрос вызывает необходимость организации товарного семеноводства клевера ползучего сортов отечественной селекции. Установлено, что основной объём семян завозится из-за рубежа. Однако сорта зарубежной селекции мало приспособлены для произрастания в континентальном климате России. В статье в ретроспективе показано состояние и перспективы семеноводства клевера ползучего в России, включая систему воспроизводства его семян. Представлена научно обоснованная потребность в необходимых объёмах производства посевного материала на разных этапах репродуцирования для обеспечения лугопастбищного кормопроизводства. Для существенного увеличения сборов семян клевера ползучего предложено широко внедрять в производство сортовые посевы при оптимальных технологиях их выращивания, что позволит раскрыть потенциальные возможности каждого сорта в конкретных почвенно-климатических условиях и повысить урожайность семян в 23 раза. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is one of the best perennial legume components for grassland and pasture ecosystems in regions with temperate climate. This report describes the effectiveness of this crop in forage production basing on its biological traits. It presents the experiment on clover cultivation abroad. The influence of economically important traits is shown on clover performance in grass mixtures. The article includes white clover botanical classification and cultivation methods of different morphotypes. Performances of foreign and domestic varieties were tested under Russian environment. Currently State Register for varieties accepted for cultivation in Russia lists 27 white clover varieties, and nine of them (33) are domestic. It is important to work further on breeding of new clover varieties adapted to various conditions. There is a high demand for white clover seeds of domestic origin. The main part of white clover comes from abroad. However, such varieties poorly grow under Russian climate. This paper shows the state and perspectives of white clover seed production in Russia. When producing grassland forage efficient seed production of this crop is of great importance. Introduction of white clover varieties to particular regions is a way to stimulate its seed production using optimal cultivation techniques.

scholarly journals Trends in the global marketing of white clover cultivars

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
R.D.J. Mather ◽  
D.T. Melhuish ◽  
M. Herlihy
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Production Region ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Clover Seed

White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is the dominant legume of temperate pastures, having been improved by breeding since the 1930s. The 1994 OECD Register lists 93 cultivars, with a further 25-30 cultivars also known to commerce. Therefore, in excess of 100 cultivars are available to fulfil a world annual market of 8500-10,500 MT. Globally, New Zealand is the major white clover production region, providing 50- 55% of the seed. Other key production regions are Denmark, USA and South America. Consumption of white clover has been relatively static for some time, ranging from 8000-10,000 MT per annum. Between 55-60% of the seed is used in the northern hemisphere (approx. 40% by Western Europe - UK, France, Germany). USA, South America and New Zealand all consume similar tonnages annually (approx. 1000-2000 MT each) with smaller tonnages used in Australia. One cultivar, Grasslands Huia, has dominated the world white clover seed market for many years and it still remains the world's major cultivar by volume. However, in the last 10 years its position has come under increasing pressure from New Zealand and international proprietary cultivars. Eventually proprietary cultivars with improved agronomic performance will supersede the consumption of commodity/public white clovers in those countries where national listing is required to obtain release and recommended listing is need to ensure successful marketing. Despite this, Grasslands Huia will continue for many years to play a major role in supplying markets where national listing is not a prerequisite to release and price is a major factor in purchase decisions. Keywords: commodity cultivar, global market, Grasslands Huia, leaf size, market share, production trends, proprietary cultivar, seed industry, Trifolium repens L., white clover

scholarly journals Relationship between Sitona lepidus larval numbers and white clover seed production

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
P.J. Gerard
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Sitona Lepidus ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

Plots of two cultivars of white clover (Trifolium repens) Grasslands Prestige (smallleaved early flowering) and Grasslands Kopu (largeleaved later flowering) were established in coldframe beds Clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus) larval numbers were manipulated to obtain winter larval densities ranging from 0 to over 1000/m2 Increasing winter larval densities increased Prestige seed production (g/m2) when harvested on 28 December and 10 January and the trend was still evident on 24 January No such relationships were found in Kopu for the early and middle harvests but at the late harvest increasing winter larval densities had a negative impact on seed production The results indicate that the effect of clover root weevil larvae on second year clover seed crops may vary substantially between cultivars and may even be positive rather than negative

Control of Winter Annual Weeds in White Clover Raised for Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. O. Lee
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Winter Annual Weeds ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Annual Weeds

Winter applications of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) or combinations of paraquat with diquat [6,7-dihydrodipydrido (1,2-α: 2′,1′-c) pyrazinediium ion], propham (isopropyl carbanilate), or pronamide [3,5-dichloro-N-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propynyl)benzamide], usually controlled both winter annual grass and broadleaf weeds in established white clover (Trifolium repensL. ‘New Zealand,’ ‘Louisiana S-1,’ and ‘Tillman’). Diquat controlled broadleaf weeds, but was less effective than paraquat or combinations of paraquat with diquat, propham, or pronamide for grass control. Dichlobenil (2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile) controlled weeds in some experiments. Pronamide and propham usually controlled grass weeds but not broadleaf weeds. In experiments in which clover seed production differed significantly, paraquat or combinations of paraquat with propham or pronamide usually resulted in higher yields than the check. Yields increased more often where treatments included paraquat.

Effect of 2,4-DB on White Clover Seed Production

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
William O. Lee
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Vegetative Bud

Seed fields of white clover (Trifolium repens L. ‘New Zealand’ and ‘Louisiana S-1′) were treated with the dimethylamine salt and the isooctyl ester of 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-butyric acid (2,4-DB). Rates of application were 0.56, 1.12, and 1.68 kg/ha. Applications were made at the vegetative, bud, and flowering stages of growth. All treatments applied at the vegetative and bud stages of growth significantly reduced white clover seed production. Reductions in clover seed production usually became more severe as the rate of 2,4-DB increased.

The influence of environment on seed production capacity in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). I. Controlled environment studies

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Ovule Number ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
High Level

Ramets of New Zealand Government Stock white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were grown in all combinations of 18-, 14-, and 10-hr photoperiods at constant temperatures of 10, 20, and 30°C. Inflorescence initiation, inflorescence height, number of florets per inflorescence, floret size, ovule number, and pollen fertility were all strongly influenced by environment. Greatest inflorescence initiation occurred in long days at high temperatures, in which conditions, also, the ratio of peduncle to petiole length was highest. Long days and low temperatures led to maximal floret number per inflorescence, floret size, and ovule number per floret. Pollen sterility, as measured by percentage of aborted grains, was little affected by day length but a high level of sterility was induced by growth at 10°C. The relative importance of these factors and the interactions between them in determining seed production capacity are discussed.

scholarly journals POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO CONTAMINATION OF WHITE CLOVER SEED CROPS BY BURIED SEED

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
P.T.P. Clifford ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
W.M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Hard Seeds ◽  
Buried Seed ◽  
Trifolium Repens L ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Crops

Buried hard seed from seed returned to the soil during harvesting and incorporated by cultivation, poses the greatest threat of contamination. When a different white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is sown, contamination will occur when hard seeds within the germinating zone soften and emerge. Harvest losses can return 40 to 210 kg/ha of hard seeds to the soil. Flowering management and efficient harvesting are necessary to minimise quantities of hard seed returned to the soil. For a buried seed load of 845/m* in the germinating zone of a cultivated seed bed at sowing in March, 8% of that seed load gave rise to establishing plants of which one-third (19/m') were surviving in mid-October. At closing the percentage crop contamination within the sown row was directly proportional to the within-row seeding rate of the sown cultivar. At wider-than-normal row spaces, (45 cm compared with 15 cm) either inter-row cultivation or spraying for removal of contaminants was necessary at closing to reduce contaminants to a density similar to that in 15 cm spacing treatments. Physical contamination of the harvested seedline, compared with levels present at closing, had doubled for normal, but trebled for wider-than-normal spacings. Lowest percentage physical contamination of a seedline gained was 13% for a 6 kg/ha seeding at 15 cm spacings. The results indicate that successful cultivar change on many areas will be difficult. A buried seed count is considered an essential guideline to aid choice of paddock. Future management systems now being developed, include the use of herbicides and direct drilling, and should help to minimise this problem. Keywords: White clover, Trifolium repens, seed production, contamination, cultivar change, harvest losses, hard seed, cultural practices.

scholarly journals White clover seed production with irrigation

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
J.K. Lay
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Clover Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

Irrigation has removed much of the risk associated with white clover seed production in an area of poorly distributed annual rainfall of 530 mm. Machine-dressed seed yields range between 540 and 900 kg/ha. The importance of minimizing harvesting losses is emphasized. Key words: Trifolium repens, seed production, irrigation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document