biological traits
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2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Du ◽  
Dan Song ◽  
Kun Ming ◽  
Jingshuang Yang ◽  
Xing Jin ◽  
...  

Watershed land-use changes have been identified as major threats to lake fauna, subsequently affecting ecosystem functioning. In this study, the functional-based approach was used to examine the effects of land use and environmental changes on phytoplankton communities in four selected lakes in Northeast China. We also identified the sensitive functional traits as indicators of environmental stressors. The integration of RLQ analysis with the fourth-corner approach significantly identified five of 18 functional trait categories, including flagella, filamentous, unicellular, mixotrophic, and chlorophyll c, as potential indicators to changes in watershed land-use intensity and environmental gradients. Significant relationships between traits and land use and water quality highlighted the consequential indirect impact of extensive agricultural and urban development on phytoplankton via allochthonous nutrient inputs and various contaminants. In addition, the functional richness of phytoplankton assemblages generally increased along with surface area and forests, but decreased along with intensive agricultural and urban land use, implying that functional homogenization may cause a reduction in ecosystem productivity and reliability to land-use intensity. Given the superior performance of the functional-based approach, our findings also highlighted the importance of the application of both the biological traits and functional diversity index in monitoring programs for lake ecosystems.


2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alassane Ouattara ◽  
Fidèle Tiendrébéogo ◽  
Nathalie Becker ◽  
Cica Urbino ◽  
Gaël Thébaud ◽  
...  

AbstractIn recent decades, a legion of monopartite begomoviruses transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci has emerged as serious threats to vegetable crops in Africa. Recent studies in Burkina Faso (West Africa) reported the predominance of pepper yellow vein Mali virus (PepYVMLV) and its frequent association with a previously unknown DNA-B component. To understand the role of this DNA-B component in the emergence of PepYVMLV, we assessed biological traits related to virulence, virus accumulation, location in the tissue and transmission. We demonstrate that the DNA-B component is not required for systemic movement and symptom development of PepYVMLV (non-strict association), but that its association produces more severe symptoms including growth arrest and plant death. The increased virulence is associated with a higher viral DNA accumulation in plant tissues, an increase in the number of contaminated nuclei of the phloem parenchyma and in the transmission rate by B. tabaci. Our results suggest that the association of a DNA-B component with the otherwise monopartite PepYVMLV is a key factor of its emergence.


Author(s):  
I. V. Matrosova ◽  
A. A. Politayeva

Some of biological traits of the Far Eastern sea cucumber from the Severnaya Bay were examined in 2016 and 2017. Body length of sea cucumber individuals varied from 3.6 to 23.4 cm. Dermo-muscular bag weight was higher in 2017 (137.5 g). Individual ages were 1–4 years in 2016 and 1–5 years in 2017. Sex ratio was near 1:1 in 2016 and 2017. During the period of the research gonad index was maximal in June – 10.6%. Spawning began in the 2nd decade of June and finished in the 2nd decade of July.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Georgescu Bogdan ◽  
Dănuț Ioan Struți ◽  
Nicușor Flavius Sima ◽  
Tudor Andrei Păpuc ◽  
Boaru Anca Mihaela

The significant momentum received by Hermetia illucens as a worldwide species is due to its biological traits and large applicability in scientific research, environmental entomoremediation, insect meal production, and for biodiesel yield. The aim of this research is to develop a method for the preparation and precise egg counting of the H. illucens egg clutch, as well as an accurate technique for evaluating egg biometric parameters. The precise proposed method for egg preparation and counting consists in dispersing the eggs clutch under a stereo microscope and counting the eggs on a photographic capture using the Clickmaster software. Five solution types were used to disperse the egg clutches: glycerin 50%, ethanol 70%, ethanol 80%, physiological serum 0.9% and purified water. The efficiency of the estimation method for eggs number evaluation was also tested by using the estimated egg weight as a conversion factor. The biometric parameters of single eggs (length and width) were determined using the free Toupview software. The precise method of egg preparation and counting allows for the registration of the eggs number manually identified by the operator. The appropriate dispersion solutions were glycerin 50% and ethanol 70%. The method has an error of 1.4 eggs for each 500 counted eggs, thus an accuracy of over 99.4%. The eggs number estimation method is not applicable without significant errors, the accuracy being less than 32%, due to egg heterogeneity in the clutch. Biometric parameters (length and width) are positively correlated with egg weight (r = 0.759) and with the number of eggs in the clutch (r = 0.645). In conclusion, the results clearly suggest the method of egg preparation and precise counting for an accurate evaluation of quality parameters of the H. illucens clutches, as well as the technique for evaluating egg biometric parameters.


2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Ilya Palubiatka ◽  
◽  
Aliaksandar Taranau ◽  
Zoya Kazlouskaya ◽  
◽  
...  

The sweet cherry genetic collection of RUE "Institute of Fruit Growing" is including 273 accessions, which have been studied for the main economic and biological traits. The main features for selection are large-fruited combined with winter hardiness and resistance to cherry leaf spot. After an evaluation of the collection, three large-fruited accessions with tough pulp of the fruit were selected. The Ukrainian early fruit ripening variety ‘Annushka’ was selected among the introduced cherry varieties. This variety has large fruits of excellent taste and is characterized by high winter hardiness. Two Belarusian promising selections ‘84-10/98’ (‘Narodnaya’ o.p.) and ‘94-30/41’ (‘Vityaz’ × ‘Aelita’) were selected on these grounds. Selection ‘84-10/98’ has a medium and ‘94-30/41’ has late fruit ripening terms.


Author(s):  
Victoria Dominguez Almela ◽  
Stephen C. F. Palmer ◽  
Demetra Andreou ◽  
Phillipa K. Gillingham ◽  
Justin M. J. Travis ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Yuxin Guo ◽  
Ying Ju ◽  
Dong Chen ◽  
Lihong Wang

Genes, the nucleotide sequences that encode a polypeptide chain or functional RNA, are the basic genetic unit controlling biological traits. They are the guarantee of the basic structures and functions in organisms, and they store information related to biological factors and processes such as blood type, gestation, growth, and apoptosis. The environment and genetics jointly affect important physiological processes such as reproduction, cell division, and protein synthesis. Genes are related to a wide range of phenomena including growth, decline, illness, aging, and death. During the evolution of organisms, there is a class of genes that exist in a conserved form in multiple species. These genes are often located on the dominant strand of DNA and tend to have higher expression levels. The protein encoded by it usually either performs very important functions or is responsible for maintaining and repairing these essential functions. Such genes are called persistent genes. Among them, the irreplaceable part of the body’s life activities is the essential gene. For example, when starch is the only source of energy, the genes related to starch digestion are essential genes. Without them, the organism will die because it cannot obtain enough energy to maintain basic functions. The function of the proteins encoded by these genes is thought to be fundamental to life. Nowadays, DNA can be extracted from blood, saliva, or tissue cells for genetic testing, and detailed genetic information can be obtained using the most advanced scientific instruments and technologies. The information gained from genetic testing is useful to assess the potential risks of disease, and to help determine the prognosis and development of diseases. Such information is also useful for developing personalized medication and providing targeted health guidance to improve the quality of life. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to identify important and essential genes. In this paper, the research status of essential genes and the essential genome database of bacteria are reviewed, the computational prediction method of essential genes based on communication coding theory is expounded, and the significance and practical application value of essential genes are discussed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 5617-5642
Author(s):  
Clare Ostle ◽  
Kevin Paxman ◽  
Carolyn A. Graves ◽  
Mathew Arnold ◽  
Luis Felipe Artigas ◽  
...  

Abstract. Plankton form the base of the marine food web and are sensitive indicators of environmental change. Plankton time series are therefore an essential part of monitoring progress towards global biodiversity goals, such as the Convention on Biological Diversity Aichi Targets, and for informing ecosystem-based policy, such as the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive. Multiple plankton monitoring programmes exist in Europe, but differences in sampling and analysis methods prevent the integration of their data, constraining their utility over large spatio-temporal scales. The Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool brings together disparate European plankton datasets into a central database from which it extracts abundance time series of plankton functional groups, called “lifeforms”, according to shared biological traits. This tool has been designed to make complex plankton datasets accessible and meaningful for policy, public interest, and scientific discovery. It allows examination of large-scale shifts in lifeform abundance or distribution (for example, holoplankton being partially replaced by meroplankton), providing clues to how the marine environment is changing. The lifeform method enables datasets with different plankton sampling and taxonomic analysis methodologies to be used together to provide insights into the response to multiple stressors and robust policy evidence for decision making. Lifeform time series generated with the Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool currently inform plankton and food web indicators for the UK's Marine Strategy, the EU's Marine Strategy Framework Directive, and for the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic (OSPAR) biodiversity assessments. The Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool currently integrates 155 000 samples, containing over 44 million plankton records, from nine different plankton datasets within UK and European seas, collected between 1924 and 2017. Additional datasets can be added, and time series can be updated. The Plankton Lifeform Extraction Tool is hosted by The Archive for Marine Species and Habitats Data (DASSH) at https://www.dassh.ac.uk/lifeforms/ (last access: 22 November 2021, Ostle et al., 2021). The lifeform outputs are linked to specific, DOI-ed, versions of the Plankton Lifeform Traits Master List and each underlying dataset.


2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022124
Author(s):  
A Regidin ◽  
S Ignatiev

Abstract Sainfoin – fodder crop capable of growing in unfavorable conditions and on soils with reduced fertility. But sainfoin is not widespread and does not occupy large cultivated areas. One of the reasons for this is the small number of sainfoin varieties adapted to various environmental conditions. The purpose of the research is to identify the sources of valuable economic and biological traits in the collection nursery of sainfoin for use as a source material. The sainfoin collection nursery was established in 2017 according to the methodology of N.I. Vavilov. The area of the plots is 1 m2, the replication is two times. Standard – sainfoin variety Zernogradskiy 2. According to the results, samples with useful traits were identified: samples Sin 149, Sin 151 and Sin 8.15 with early growth (28.03) had the shortest growing season (52 days); by plant height, specimens Sin 38 (122 cm) and Sin 208.15 (122 cm) were distinguished; the highest yield of green mass was noted for samples Sin 26, Sin 126, Sin 141, Sin 102.15, Sin 103.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 2.15 with indicators of 7.67-9.72 kg/m2; a dry matter content of over 28% was noted in samples Sin 37, Sin 46, Sin 42, Sin 105.15, Sin 205.15; samples Sin 31, Sin 42, Sin 54, Sin 122, Sin 135, Sin 144, Sin 145, Sin 160, Sin 100.15, Sin 1.15, Sin 3.15, Sin 4.15, Sin 6.15, Sin 8.15, Sin 100/1142 were distinguished by a high content crude protein (20.00-21.44%).


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