scholarly journals Massive Bone Marrow Carcinomatosis Presenting with Leukoerythroblastic Blood Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Garzo ◽  
◽  
Verdu Belmar J ◽  
Campos E ◽  
De Paz FJ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Massive Bone

We present a case of an extensive bone marrow infiltrate of poorly differentiated carcinoma, in a 19-year-old male with suspected progression of sinusal undifferentiated carcinoma, after several lines of treatment.

scholarly journals Challenging Diagnosis in NUT Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 106689692110195
Author(s):  
Grosse Claudia ◽  
Grosse Alexandra
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Hematological Malignancy ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Differentiation ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Nut Carcinoma ◽  
Disseminated Disease ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma represents a highly aggressive, poorly differentiated carcinoma that is genetically defined by rearrangement of NUT gene. The histomorphological appearance ranges from entirely undifferentiated carcinoma to carcinoma with prominent squamous differentiation. NUT carcinoma can display neuroendocrine features. Although it is typically distributed along the midline axis, it may manifest in nonmidline locations. The majority of patients develop rapidly disseminated disease. We illustrate 2 cases of NUT carcinoma, one located in the lung, which closely resembled a neuroendocrine carcinoma, and the other one with assumed lung origin demonstrating metastatic dissemination with diffuse bone involvement, which was clinically first suspected to be a hematological malignancy. Due to its undifferentiated nature, NUT carcinoma may be confused with many entities. NUT immunohistochemistry is considered to be sufficient for the diagnosis. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis and next-generation sequencing are currently used to confirm the diagnosis.

scholarly journals SMARCA4/BRG1-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: Morphologic Spectrum of an Evolving Entity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aanchal Kakkar ◽  
Subiyathul Farah Ashraf ◽  
Amber Rathor ◽  
Amit Kumar Adhya ◽  
Suresh Mani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Recognition ◽  
Multimodality Treatment ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Clinicopathologic Features ◽  
Sinonasal Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Context.— Molecular analysis of poorly differentiated/undifferentiated sinonasal neoplasms has resulted in identification of a growing number of genetically defined tumors. SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is one such recently described entity that emerged from within sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC), neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), and teratocarcinosarcoma (TCS). Objective.— To identify SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinomas from a large institutional cohort of poorly differentiated/undifferentiated carcinomas and evaluate their clinicopathologic features. Design.— SMARCA4/BRG1 immunohistochemistry was performed on all tumors diagnosed as SNUC, poorly differentiated carcinoma, NEC, and TCS during a 12-year period. SMARCA2/BRM and INSM1 immunostaining was performed in SMARCA4-deficient cases. Results.— Twelve SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinomas were identified among 299 cases. Morphologically, 5 cases were large cell NEC, 2 cases were small cell NEC, and 5 were TCS. SMARCA4 loss was diffuse and complete in 10 cases, while 2 cases showed focal retention. Most cases showed diffuse cytokeratin staining accompanied by weak, usually focal staining for chromogranin and synaptophysin. INSM-1 showed negativity in most cases. All cases showed retained SMARCA2 expression. IDH1/2 mutation was absent in all cases analyzed. Four of 7 patients died of disease, and aggressive multimodality treatment had better outcome. Conclusions.— SMARCA4-deficient sinonasal carcinomas are morphologically akin to sinonasal poorly differentiated NECs and TCS, display cytokeratin positivity and only focal staining for neuroendocrine markers, and have aggressive biological behavior. Inclusion of SMARCA4 in the immunohistochemical panel for diagnostic workup of all sinonasal NEC and TCS phenotypes will facilitate their early recognition. Comprehensive germline and somatic mutational analyses of these tumors are necessary for further insights into their molecular pathogenesis.

NUT (Nuclear Protein in Testis) Carcinoma: A Report of Two Cases With Different Histopathologic Features

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Reddy ◽  
Tina R. Woods ◽  
Robert W. Allan ◽  
Paras Malhotra ◽  
Hiren J. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Epithelioid Cells ◽  
Squamous Differentiation ◽  
Poorly Differentiated Carcinoma ◽  
First Case ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Actual Incidence

NUT (nuclear protein in testis) carcinoma (NC) is an aggressive carcinoma characterized by rearrangements of the NUT gene on chromosome 15q14. Histologically, it is a poorly differentiated carcinoma composed of monotonous, medium-sized, round cells with scant amphophilic or eosinophilic cytoplasm. Foci of abrupt keratinization are often seen. In this report, we compare the morphology of 2 cases of NC. The first case shows characteristic features of uniform, round epithelioid cells admixed with foci of abrupt keratinization. The second case demonstrates nests of epithelioid-polygonal cells that appear to be loosely cribriform within a mucoid stroma. Although considered rare, the actual incidence of NC may be underestimated, as it is likely that many go undiagnosed because the morphology deviates from what is typical. Our report demonstrates that NC should always be considered in any case of an undifferentiated carcinoma and should not be excluded if typical histologic and immunohistochemical features of squamous differentiation are lacking.

HER2 OVEREXPRESSION IN ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY SAMPLE OF GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

2012 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Viet Nho Le ◽  
Van Huy Tran ◽  
Cong Thuan Dang ◽  
Van To Ta
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Signet Ring Cell ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Tubular Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Signet Ring ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

Background and aim: HER2 overexpression by immunohistochemistry is a prognostic maker in gastric cancer and helps to select candidates benefitted from targeted therapy with trastuzumab. This study is aimed at the assessing HER2 overexpression and its relationship with endoscopic and histopathological findings of gastric adenocarcinoma. Objectives and methods: Biopsy samples from 92 gastric cancer patients were examined for HER2 status by immunohistochemical staining. Results: 6.5% of tumors were cardia tumors and 93.5% were non-cardia tumors. Using the Lauren classification, 51.1% were intestinal type and 48.9% were diffuse type. Using WHO classification, 54.3% were tubular adenocarcinoma, 7.6% were mucinous adenocarcinoma, 15.2% were signet-ring cell carcinoma, and 22.8% were undifferentiated carcinoma. 32.6% were well-differentiated, 15.2% were moderately-differentiated, and 52.2% were poorly-differentiated carcinoma. HER2 was positive in 20.7% of gastric carcinomas, 50% cardia tumors and 18.6% non-cardia tumors. HER2 positivity among polypoid, fungating, ulcerated, and infiltrative types were 38.5%, 29.7%, 9.1% and 0%, respectively. HER2 overexpression in intestinal type was higher than that in diffuse type (31.9% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.009). HER2 overexpression in tubular adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma was 28.0%, 14.3%, 7.1% and 14.3%, respectively. HER2 overexpressions were different between differentiation degrees: 30% of well-differentiated tumors, 35.7% moderately-differentiated tumors, and 10.4% of poorly-differentiated tumors (p = 0.037). Conclusions: HER2 overexpression was found in 20.7% of endoscopic biopsy sample of gastric adenocarcinoma and was associated with endoscopic gross characteristic, Lauren histologic type and differentiation degree.

scholarly journals Massive Bone Marrow Necrosis with Polyclonal Hypergammaglobulinemia and Blue Toe Syndrome

Hematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tohru Murayama ◽  
Yoshitake Hayashi ◽  
Shion Imoto ◽  
Manabu Shimoyama ◽  
Hiroshi Matsuoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Necrosis ◽  
Polyclonal Hypergammaglobulinemia ◽  
Blue Toe Syndrome ◽  
Massive Bone
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