Catalytic Synthesis of Cyclic Guanidines via Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Radical-Polar Crossover

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunya Ohuchi ◽  
Hiroki Koyama ◽  
Hiroki Shigehisa
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Protective Groups ◽  
The Common

A catalytic synthesis of cyclic guanidines, which are found in many biologically active compounds and natu-ral products, was developed, wherein transition-metal hydrogen atom transfer and radical-polar crossover were employed. This mild and functional-group tolerant process enabled the cyclization of alkenyl guanidines bearing common protective groups, such as Cbz and Boc. This powerful method not only provided the common 5- and 6-membered rings but also an unusual 7-membered ring. The derivatization of the products afforded various heterocycles. We also investigated the se-lective cyclization of mono-protected or hetero-protected (TFA and Boc) alkenyl guanidines and their further derivatiza-tions.

scholarly journals Catalytic Synthesis of Cyclic Guanidines via Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Radical-Polar Crossover

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunya Ohuchi ◽  
Hiroki Koyama ◽  
Hiroki Shigehisa
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Protective Groups

Cyclic guanidines are found in many biologically active compounds and natural products. Further, the for-mation of the atypical 7-membered ring of cyclic guanidine remains challenging due to a lack of efficient preparation strategies and low yield. Herein, a catalytic synthetic method for cyclic guanidines was developed via transition-metal hydrogen atom transfer and radical-polar crossover. This mild and functional-group tolerant process enabled the cycliza-tion of an alkenyl guanidines bearing common protective groups, such as Cbz and Boc groups. This powerful method not only provided typical 5- and 6-membered rings but also the atypical 7-membered ring. The derivatization of the products afforded various heterocycles. We also investigated the selective cyclization of mono-protected or hetero-protected (TFA and Boc) alkenyl guanidines and their further derivatizations.

scholarly journals Catalytic Synthesis of Cyclic Guanidines via Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Radical-Polar Crossover

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunya Ohuchi ◽  
Hiroki Koyama ◽  
Hiroki Shigehisa
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Synthetic Method ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Powerful Method ◽  
Protective Groups

Cyclic guanidines are found in many biologically active compounds and natural products. Further, the for-mation of the atypical 7-membered ring of cyclic guanidine remains challenging due to a lack of efficient preparation strategies and low yield. Herein, a catalytic synthetic method for cyclic guanidines was developed via transition-metal hydrogen atom transfer and radical-polar crossover. This mild and functional-group tolerant process enabled the cycliza-tion of an alkenyl guanidines bearing common protective groups, such as Cbz and Boc groups. This powerful method not only provided typical 5- and 6-membered rings but also the atypical 7-membered ring. The derivatization of the products afforded various heterocycles. We also investigated the selective cyclization of mono-protected or hetero-protected (TFA and Boc) alkenyl guanidines and their further derivatizations.

scholarly journals Catalytic Dealkylative Synthesis of Cyclic Carbamates and Ureas via Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Radical-Polar Crossover

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Nagai ◽  
Nao Mimata ◽  
Yoshihiro Terada ◽  
Chikayoshi Sebe ◽  
Hiroki Shigehisa
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reaction Proceeds ◽  
Scalable Synthesis

Guided by the transition metal hydrogen atom transfer and radical-polar crossover concept, we developed a catalytic, Markovnikov-selective, functional-group tolerant, and scalable synthesis of cyclic carbamates, which are found in the structures of many bioactive compounds. This method not only provides common oxazolidinones but also six-to-eight-membered ring products. The reaction proceeds through the intramolecular displacement of an alkylcobalt(IV) in-termediate and dealkylation by 2,4,6-collidine; the activation energies of these steps were calculated by DFT. Cyclic ureas and cyclic phosphoramidates were also synthesized under the same reaction conditions.

scholarly journals Catalytic Dealkylative Synthesis of Cyclic Carbamates and Ureas via Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Radical-Polar Crossover

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Nagai ◽  
Nao Mimata ◽  
Yoshihiro Terada ◽  
Chikayoshi Sebe ◽  
Hiroki Shigehisa
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽  
Membered Ring ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reaction Proceeds ◽  
Scalable Synthesis

Guided by the transition metal hydrogen atom transfer and radical-polar crossover concept, we developed a catalytic, Markovnikov-selective, functional-group tolerant, and scalable synthesis of cyclic carbamates, which are found in the structures of many bioactive compounds. This method not only provides common oxazolidinones but also six-to-eight-membered ring products. The reaction proceeds through the intramolecular displacement of an alkylcobalt(IV) in-termediate and dealkylation by 2,4,6-collidine; the activation energies of these steps were calculated by DFT. Cyclic ureas and cyclic phosphoramidates were also synthesized under the same reaction conditions.

Catalyst- and Silane- Controlled Enantioselective Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes by Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Radical-Polar Crossover

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousuke Ebisawa ◽  
Kana Izumi ◽  
Yuka Ooka ◽  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Sayori Kanazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Radical Chain Reaction

Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydrofurans, which are found in the structures of many biologically active natural products, via a transition-metal catalyzed-hydrogen atom transfer (TM-HAT) and radical-polar crossover (RPC) mechanism is described herein. Hydroalkoxylation of non-conjugated alkenes proceeded efficiently with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 94% ee) using a suitable chiral cobalt catalyst, <i>N</i>-fluoro-2,4,6-collidinium tetrafluoroborate, and diethylsilane. Surprisingly, absolute configuration of the product was highly dependent on the steric hindrance of the silane. Slow addition of the silane, the dioxygen effect in the solvent, thermal dependency, and DFT calculation results supported the unprecedented scenario of two competing selective mechanisms. For the less-hindered diethylsilane, a high concentration of diffused carbon-centered radicals invoked diastereoenrichment of an alkylcobalt(III) intermediate by a radical chain reaction, which eventually determined the absolute configuration of the product. On the other hand, a more hindered silane resulted in less opportunity for radical chain reaction, instead facilitating enantioselective kinetic resolution during the late-stage nucleophilic displacement of the alkylcobalt(IV) intermediate.

Efficient Reduction of Electron-Deficient Alkenes Enabled by a Photoinduced Hydrogen Atom Transfer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xacobe Cambeiro ◽  
Natalia A. Larionova ◽  
Jun Miyatake Ondozabal
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Aromatic Ring ◽  
Radical Cation ◽  
Electron Affinity ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽  
Computational Studies ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Efficient Reduction

Direct hydrogen atom transfer from a photoredox-generated Hantzsch ester radical cation to electron-deficient alkenes has enabled the<br>development of an efficient formal hydrogenation under mild, operationally simple conditions. The HAT-driven mechanism, key to circumvent<br>the problems associated with the low electron affinity of alkenes, is supported by experimental and computational studies. The reaction is applied<br>to a variety of cinnamate derivatives and related structures, irrespective of the presence of electron-donating or electron-withdrawing<br>substituents in the aromatic ring and with good functional group compatibility.

Catalyst- and Silane- Controlled Enantioselective Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes by Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Radical-Polar Crossover

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kousuke Ebisawa ◽  
Kana Izumi ◽  
Yuka Ooka ◽  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Sayori Kanazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Kinetic Resolution ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Radical Chain ◽  
Radical Chain Reaction

Catalytic enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydrofurans, which are found in the structures of many biologically active natural products, via a transition-metal catalyzed-hydrogen atom transfer (TM-HAT) and radical-polar crossover (RPC) mechanism is described herein. Hydroalkoxylation of non-conjugated alkenes proceeded efficiently with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 94% ee) using a suitable chiral cobalt catalyst, <i>N</i>-fluoro-2,4,6-collidinium tetrafluoroborate, and diethylsilane. Surprisingly, absolute configuration of the product was highly dependent on the steric hindrance of the silane. Slow addition of the silane, the dioxygen effect in the solvent, thermal dependency, and DFT calculation results supported the unprecedented scenario of two competing selective mechanisms. For the less-hindered diethylsilane, a high concentration of diffused carbon-centered radicals invoked diastereoenrichment of an alkylcobalt(III) intermediate by a radical chain reaction, which eventually determined the absolute configuration of the product. On the other hand, a more hindered silane resulted in less opportunity for radical chain reaction, instead facilitating enantioselective kinetic resolution during the late-stage nucleophilic displacement of the alkylcobalt(IV) intermediate.

scholarly journals Catalytic Synthesis of Indolines by Hydrogen Atom Transfer to Cobalt(III)-Carbene Radicals

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 5253-5258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Karns ◽  
Monalisa Goswami ◽  
Bas de Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽  
Catalytic Synthesis ◽  
Atom Transfer

scholarly journals Electrocatalytic Oxidative Hydrofunctionalization Reactions of Alkenes via Co(II/III/IV) Cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Yi-Chen Nie ◽  
Han-Yuan Liu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Fanyang Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Hydrogen Atom Transfer ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Atom Transfer ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Pinacol Rearrangement ◽  
Chemical Oxidants ◽  
Alkene Functionalization ◽  
The Common ◽  
Space Expansion

Here we disclose a general and versatile Co(II/III/IV) electrocatalytic platform for alkene functionalization. Driven by electricity, a set of the oxidative hydrofunctionalization reactions initiated by hydrogen atom transfer were demonstrated without the need for stochiometric chemical oxidants. The scope of the reactions encompasses hydroalkoxylation, hydroacyloxylation, hydroarylation, semi-pinacol rearrangement, and deallylation. Mechanistic studies and stereochemical evidence support an ECEC process involving an electrochemically-generated organocobalt(IV) intermediate. This work presents an example of reactivity space expansion in electrocatalysis of VB12-systems by going beyond the common oxidation states of Co(I/II/III).

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