Development and Evaluation of the Performance of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler for Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate

10.26434/chemrxiv.14608164 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kazushi Noro ◽

Yoshinori Yabuki ◽

Junko Ono ◽

Satoshi Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Membrane Filter ◽

Weighted Average ◽

Field Tests ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Passive Samplers ◽

Organic Chemical ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

Linear Alkylbenzene ◽

Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates

A polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) was developed for the detection of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs), which are one of the most widely used chemicals globally and represent a type of surfactant agent. Owing to natural disasters and accidents, these LASs have a potential risk to leak into aquatic environments at high concentrations, and thus far, passive sampling methods have not yet been applied in their detection as, being a sorptive compound, they do not easily permeate the membrane of passive samplers. In the present study, the LASs were significantly sorbed onto the polyethersulfonate (PES) membrane, suggesting that the less sorptive polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane is suitable for application in the POCIS device. Calibration experiments showed that the developed POCIS device with Oasis WAX as the sorbent and PTFE as the membrane filter had linear ranges > 28 d and sampling rates ranging from 0.035 ± 0.007 (tetradecylbenzenesulfonate) to 0.139 ± 0.024 (dodecylbenzenesulfonate) L d–1. Furthermore, this developed POCIS device was validated under non-steady-state conditions via both chamber and field tests. The condition in the chamber test replicated the LAS concentration change in rivers contaminated by LAS-leaked accidents. The time-weighted average concentrations of dodecylbenzenesulfonate measured using the improved POCIS agreed well with those obtained via grab sampling within 21% over the sampling period of 14 d in both the chamber and field tests. Therefore, the developed POCIS can be successfully applied in the detection of LASs in LAS-contaminated aquatic environments owing to chemical leak accidents.

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Development and Evaluation of the Performance of the Polar Organic Chemical Integrative Sampler for Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate

10.26434/chemrxiv.14608164.v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kazushi Noro ◽

Yoshinori Yabuki ◽

Junko Ono ◽

Satoshi Nakamura

Keyword(s):

Membrane Filter ◽

Weighted Average ◽

Field Tests ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Passive Samplers ◽

Organic Chemical ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Grab Sampling ◽

Linear Alkylbenzene ◽

Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates

A polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) was developed for the detection of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LASs), which are one of the most widely used chemicals globally and represent a type of surfactant agent. Owing to natural disasters and accidents, these LASs have a potential risk to leak into aquatic environments at high concentrations, and thus far, passive sampling methods have not yet been applied in their detection as, being a sorptive compound, they do not easily permeate the membrane of passive samplers. In the present study, the LASs were significantly sorbed onto the polyethersulfonate (PES) membrane, suggesting that the less sorptive polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane is suitable for application in the POCIS device. Calibration experiments showed that the developed POCIS device with Oasis WAX as the sorbent and PTFE as the membrane filter had linear ranges > 28 d and sampling rates ranging from 0.035 ± 0.007 (tetradecylbenzenesulfonate) to 0.139 ± 0.024 (dodecylbenzenesulfonate) L d–1. Furthermore, this developed POCIS device was validated under non-steady-state conditions via both chamber and field tests. The condition in the chamber test replicated the LAS concentration change in rivers contaminated by LAS-leaked accidents. The time-weighted average concentrations of dodecylbenzenesulfonate measured using the improved POCIS agreed well with those obtained via grab sampling within 21% over the sampling period of 14 d in both the chamber and field tests. Therefore, the developed POCIS can be successfully applied in the detection of LASs in LAS-contaminated aquatic environments owing to chemical leak accidents.

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Optimization and Field Demonstration of a Passive Sampling Technology for Monitoring Conventional Munition Constituents in Aquatic Environments

Marine Technology Society Journal ◽

10.4031/mtsj.50.6.4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 23-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gunther Rosen ◽

Bill Wild ◽

Robert D. George ◽

Jason B. Belden ◽

Guilherme R. Lotufo

Keyword(s):

Military Training ◽

Weighted Average ◽

Water Concentration ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Passive Samplers ◽

Organic Chemical ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

Munition Constituents ◽

Safety Considerations ◽

High Level

AbstractAs a result of military training and weapon testing activities, unexploded ordnance (UXO; including munitions such as bombs, projectiles, and mines that did not function as intended) are present in underwater environments. Munitions are also present at underwater sites as discarded military munitions (DMM). In addition to explosive safety considerations, regulators are increasingly concerned about potential ecological impacts on the aquatic environment following corrosion and breaching shells that may cause the slow release of the explosive material by dissolution to the surrounding sediments and water column. Challenges such as the high level of effort required to identify leaking munitions and potential for slow and intermittent release resulting in ultralow concentrations (i.e., part per trillion) may hinder the assessment of environmental exposures using traditional water sampling and analysis techniques. Recently, integrative passive samplers, specifically polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), have been demonstrated by our team to be valuable tools for the environmental exposure assessment of munition constituents (MC) in aquatic environments. POCIS can be deployed for weeks to months and continuously sample the water, providing the opportunity to capture episodic events or fluctuations in contaminant release, even at low concentrations. The resulting time-weighted average (TWA) water concentration can then be compared with screening values in the context of ecological risk potential and relevance for remedial action. Our preliminary results from POCIS employed under field conditions indicate that it is a robust approach to understanding and validating the release and transport behaviors of MC and subsequent exposure characterization in the vicinity of potentially breached UXO or DMM in ocean environments.

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