scholarly journals Hybrid Atomic Orbitals in Organic Chemistry. Part 1: Critique of Formal Aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Lamoureux ◽  
J. F. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
Atomic Orbitals ◽  
Original Derivation ◽  
Hybrid Orbitals

The importance of hybrid atomic orbitals, both historically and mathematically, is reviewed. Our new analysis of the original derivation of the sp3, sp2, sp model reveals serious errors. Based on a critical survey of the literature, we submit six formal criteria that deprecate the use of hybrid orbitals in a pedagogical context. A sound mathematical basis of sp3 and sp2 formulae does not exist; hybrid atomic orbitals have hence no legitimate role in the teaching of organic chemistry.

scholarly journals Hybrid Atomic Orbitals in Organic Chemistry. Part 1: Critique of Formal Aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Lamoureux ◽  
J. F. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
Atomic Orbitals ◽  
Original Derivation ◽  
Hybrid Orbitals

The importance of hybrid atomic orbitals, both historically and mathematically, is reviewed. Our new analysis of the original derivation of the sp3, sp2, sp model reveals serious errors. Based on a critical survey of the literature, we submit six formal criteria that deprecate the use of hybrid orbitals in a pedagogical context. A sound mathematical basis of sp3 and sp2 formulae does not exist; hybrid atomic orbitals have hence no legitimate role in the teaching of organic chemistry.

scholarly journals Hybrid Atomic Orbitals in Organic Chemistry. Part 2: Critique of Practical Aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Lamoureux ◽  
J. F. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Atomic Orbitals ◽  
Hybrid Orbitals

The importance of hybrid atomic orbitals, in both general and organic chemistry, is reviewed. Every contemporary textbook of organic chemistry introduces the sp3, sp2, sp model, but the suitability of these hybrid orbitals for use in the teaching of molecular structure has been increasingly questioned. Based on a critical survey of the literature, we submit seven practical criteria that deprecate the use of hybrid orbitals in a pedagogical context. We suggest how the teaching of organic chemistry without hybrid orbitals will provide students with an enhanced education.

scholarly journals Hybrid Atomic Orbitals in Organic Chemistry. Part 2: Critique of Practical Aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Lamoureux ◽  
J. F. Ogilvie
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Atomic Orbitals ◽  
Hybrid Orbitals

The importance of hybrid atomic orbitals, in both general and organic chemistry, is reviewed. Every contemporary textbook of organic chemistry introduces the sp3, sp2, sp model, but the suitability of these hybrid orbitals for use in the teaching of molecular structure has been increasingly questioned. Based on a critical survey of the literature, we submit seven practical criteria that deprecate the use of hybrid orbitals in a pedagogical context. We suggest how the teaching of organic chemistry without hybrid orbitals will provide students with an enhanced education.

Critical Survey of the method of ionic-homopolar resonance

1951 ◽  
Vol 207 (1088) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dipole Moment ◽  
Lone Pair ◽  
Atomic Radius ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Critical Survey ◽  
Conventional Theory ◽  
Total Dipole Moment ◽  
Atomic Orbitals ◽  
Individual Bond ◽  
Lone Pair Electrons

Some of the theoretical difficulties in the method of ionic-covalent resonance are discussed. They include our ignorance of the fundamental energies, and also of the orbitals used. If these are hybrids, as usually occurs, considerable care is required in using the conventional theory because: (1) the atomic radius, and (2) the effective electronegativity of a hybrid depend on the degree of mixing of the basic atomic orbitals. In polyatomic molecules the lone-pair electrons play a substantial part in determining the total dipole moment, and there are further difficulties associated with (1) independence, (2) partial delocalization, and (3) possible 'bent’ character of the bonds. As a result many bonds (e.g. CH, NH, OH) are intrinsically much less ionic than is usually supposed. In addition the dipole moment of a molecule does not depend in any simple way upon the formal charges associated with the atoms; nor does it provide a completely satisfactory basis for assigning individual bond moments. The paper concludes with an outline of some possible improvements which merit further research.

scholarly journals From Abstract to Manipulatable – The Hybridization Explorer, A Digital Interactive for Studying Orbitals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wegwerth ◽  
Jason S. Overby ◽  
Christopher J. Douglas ◽  
Julia Winter ◽  
Gianna Manchester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Interactive Learning ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Atomic Orbitals ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hybrid Orbitals

<p>The abstract nature of atomic and hybrid orbitals makes it a challenging concept for students to understand. Presented is the Hybridization Explorer, a web-based interactive learning tool, for manipulating and experimenting with hybridization concepts. Through the explorer students can explore both the combination of atomic orbitals, and the visual representation of both atomic and hybrid orbitals and corresponding bond formation. Case studies from an undergraduate and graduate-level demonstration of the explorer are described. Finally, self-reported student confidence levels on solving hybridization questions both before and after use of the explorer are analyzed and discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Método de cálculo de hibridização cúbica d3fsp3

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ilzemaro Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
High Symmetry ◽  
Atomic Orbitals ◽  
Hybrid Orbitals

The author obtained the equations of wave functions to the cubic hybridization (d3fsp3) by using no habitual matematic calculations.It's bases only on the aplication of the usually regels of Quantun Mecanics envolving the Principle of hybrid orbitals construction. Which is possible because the high symmetry (Oh) of this hybridization and because all atomic orbitals envolved are equidistand from the center of the hybrid structure proposed.

scholarly journals Systematics of Atomic Orbital Hybridization of Coordination Polyhedra: Role of f Orbitals

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3113
Author(s):  
R. Bruce King
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Orbital ◽  
Hexagonal Prism ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Coordination Polyhedra ◽  
Atomic Orbitals ◽  
Orbital Hybridization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
D Orbitals ◽  
Hybrid Orbitals

The combination of atomic orbitals to form hybrid orbitals of special symmetries can be related to the individual orbital polynomials. Using this approach, 8-orbital cubic hybridization can be shown to be sp3d3f requiring an f orbital, and 12-orbital hexagonal prismatic hybridization can be shown to be sp3d5f2g requiring a g orbital. The twists to convert a cube to a square antiprism and a hexagonal prism to a hexagonal antiprism eliminate the need for the highest nodality orbitals in the resulting hybrids. A trigonal twist of an Oh octahedron into a D3h trigonal prism can involve a gradual change of the pair of d orbitals in the corresponding sp3d2 hybrids. A similar trigonal twist of an Oh cuboctahedron into a D3h anticuboctahedron can likewise involve a gradual change in the three f orbitals in the corresponding sp3d5f3 hybrids.

scholarly journals From Abstract to Manipulatable – The Hybridization Explorer, A Digital Interactive for Studying Orbitals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wegwerth ◽  
Jason S. Overby ◽  
Christopher J. Douglas ◽  
Julia Winter ◽  
Gianna Manchester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Interactive Learning ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Graduate Level ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Atomic Orbitals ◽  
Confidence Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hybrid Orbitals

<p>The abstract nature of atomic and hybrid orbitals makes it a challenging concept for students to understand. Presented is the Hybridization Explorer, a web-based interactive learning tool, for manipulating and experimenting with hybridization concepts. Through the explorer students can explore both the combination of atomic orbitals, and the visual representation of both atomic and hybrid orbitals and corresponding bond formation. Case studies from an undergraduate and graduate-level demonstration of the explorer are described. Finally, self-reported student confidence levels on solving hybridization questions both before and after use of the explorer are analyzed and discussed.</p>

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