scholarly journals Dependence of the efficiency of the initial state of fosinopril structure common carotid arteries, intravascular blood flow and central hemodynamics at patients with arterial hypertension

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
L V Melnikova ◽  
L F Bartosh ◽  
O A Grechishkina
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Central Hemodynamic ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Aim. To study changes in structural and functional features of the common carotid arteries and central hemodynamic parameters under the influence of fosinopril at hypertensive patients depending on achieving target blood pressure.Material and methods. The study included 116 patients with essential hypertension. All patients underwent a general clinical study, an ultrasound scan of the common carotid arteries (CCA ) with the assessment of the structure and intravascular blood flow, and echocardiography with the definition of the parameters of central hemodynamic and intravascular, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) before the study and after 24 weeks of antihypertensive therapy angiotensin - converting enzyme fosinopril. Two groups of patients: the first group consisted of 74 people with the achievement of the targets of blood pressure (BP), the second 42 people who have not been achieved target BP levels.Results. In the first group there was a statistically significant decrease in the proportion of peripheral resistance, increased systolic index, distensibility coefficient of the common carotid arteries peak flow velocity. In the second group specific peripheral resistance was significantly increased, the thickness of the intima-media increased, decreased peak flow velocity.Conclusion. Effectiveness depends on fosinopril initial state total peripheral resistance, cardiac output, structural and functional features elastic arteries.

scholarly journals The severity of acute ischemic stroke is associated with the decrease in peak systolic velocity in the common carotid arteries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Serova ◽  
V Serov ◽  
A Braun ◽  
A Kovalenko ◽  
A Shutov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Nihss Score ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Introduction A negative effect on the prognosis of ischemic stroke of the aggressive decrease in blood pressure, leading to a decrease in cerebral blood flow, is known. On the other side, increased blood pressure can be a compensatory mechanism. Currently, however, it is difficult to assess the adequacy of cerebral blood flow, one of the indicators of which is the blood flow velocity in the common carotid artery. Purpose The aim of this study was to estimate the peak systolic velocity in the common carotid arteries (CCA PSV) depending on the severity of acute ischemic stroke (IS). Methods 180 patients with acute ischemic stroke (70 females and 110 males, mean age was 66.3 ± 12.3 years) were studied. Including 46 (25.6%) patients with cardioembolic stroke, 25 (13.9%) - with a thrombotic stroke, 27 (15.0%) – with a lacunar stroke and 82 (45.5%) – with undifferentiated stroke. Most of them 173 (96.1%) had grade 3 of arterial hypertension according to ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension, 2018. 59 (32.8%) patients had coronary artery disease, 52 (28.9%) - had atrial fibrillation. Patients were categorized according to National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) severity in mild NIHSS (<9) - 122 (67.8%) patients, moderate NIHSS (9–15) - 35 (19.4%) patients, and severe stroke NIHSS (>16) - 23 (12.8%) patients.  Median NIHSS score was 9.2 ± 0.9. All patients underwent a transthoracic echocardiography and a carotid ultrasound examination. A comparative assessment of echographic parameters was performed in patients of lower (NIHSS score ≤ 4.0) and upper (NIHSS score≥11.0) quartile according to the NIHSS score. Results It is shown a decrease of peak systolic velocity in the common carotid arteries with an increase in the severity of IS on the NIHSS scale: in mild stroke, it was 73.9 ± 18.7 cm/s, in moderate stroke - 66.3 ± 19.2 cm/s (p = 0.04), in severe stroke - 62.1 ± 17,4 cm/sec (p = 0.006 and p = 0.4, respectively). Peak systolic velocity in patients with the lower quartile of stroke severity was 73.8 ± 19.1 cm/sec, in the group of patients with the upper quartile – 64.3 ± 19.2 cm/sec (р=0.02). There were no differences in the resistance index of common carotid arteries: 0.75 ± 0.05, 0.76 ± 0.06 and 0.75 ± 0.07 for mild, moderate and severe severity, respectively, p > 0.5). A multiple linear regression analysis in which the severity of ischemic stroke on the NIHSS scale was a dependent variable and age, CCA PSV, common carotid artery intima–media thickness and systolic, diastolic and pulse blood pressure were independent variables, showed that the severity of ischemic stroke was independently correlated with the CCA PSV (β =-0.13, p = 0.009). Conclusions.1. It is shown the decrease of peak systolic velocity in the common carotid arteries with an increase in the severity of ischemic stroke on the NIHSS scale. 2. The reduction of CCA PSV exacerbates brain ischemia and reflecting disorders of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow.

Thermoregulatory influences on common carotid blood flow in the dog

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1138-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Baker ◽  
M. J. Hawkins ◽  
R. D. Rader
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Hypothalamic Temperature ◽  
Carotid Blood Flow ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Common carotid blood flow (CCBF) and respiratory water loss (RWL) were measured in dogs resting at ambient temperatures between 25 and 50 degrees C, during hypothalamic heating, and during light and heavy exercise at ambient temperatures of 25 and 35 degrees C. In resting dogs, CCBF varied with the level of RWL. Elevations in CCBF and RWL occurred within seconds of each other during bursts of panting. Mean unilateral CCBF increased from 6.2 ml . min-1 . kg-1 at 25 degrees C to 16.8 ml . min-1 . kg-1 at 45 degrees C, in parallel with increasing RWL. Hypothalamic heating elicited simultaneous elevations in CCBF and RWL, and the level of CCBF was strongly correlated with the hypothalamic temperature. Both CCBF and RWL increased rapidly at the onset of exercise and continued to rise during a 15-min run. Highest rates of blood flow and evaporation occurred during heavy exercise at 35 degrees C. It is concluded that the rate of blood flow through the common carotid arteries in the dog is related to the thermoregulatory needs of the animal, and most of the increased flow occurring during heat stress is destined for evaporative surfaces of the nose, mouth, and tongue.

scholarly journals Autoregulation in the Middle Meningeal Artery

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Michalicek ◽  
V. Gordon ◽  
G. Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Middle Meningeal Artery ◽  
Gain Factor ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Neuronal Mechanisms ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Meningeal Artery

In cats anesthetized with α-chloralose, auto-regulation of blood flow (F) in the middle meningeal and common carotid arteries was assessed by bleeding and subsequently reinfusing the animals to achieve a 25% step reduction in mean arterial blood pressure (P), while maintaining the systolic blood pressure >80 mmHg. The integrity of autoregulation was assessed by calculating the gain factor Gf = 1 — [(ΔF/F)/(ΔP/P)]. Cats were examined intact, after hexamethonium (10 mg/kg), and after papaverine (6 mg/kg). Reduction of blood pressure of 25 to 60 mmHg produced equivalent drops in carotid blood flow ( Gf = 0.041 ± 0.34; mean ± standard deviation, n = 12). There were only small changes in flow in the middle meningeal artery during this procedure ( Gf = 0.91 ± 0.29). Hexamethonium did not block autoregulation in the middle meningeal artery ( Gf = 0.92 ± 0.13, n = 4). However, papaverine almost completely abolished the ability of the artery to autoregulate ( Gf = 0.10 ± 0.16, n = 7). The results suggest that the middle meningeal artery possesses an ability similar to that of the cortical circulation to autoregulate its blood flow through intrinsic, non-neuronal mechanisms. This will have important implications for the study of disturbances of dural arterial control in migraine and other headaches.

scholarly journals Intima-media thickness of the common carotid arteryas an early marker of atherosclerosis in patients withabdominal obesity

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
O. Belyaeva ◽  
V. Mandal ◽  
N. Ananyeva ◽  
O. Berkovich ◽  
E. I. Baranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Duplex Scan ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Internal Carotid Arteries

Severity of atherosclerosis of common carotid arteries in patients with abdominal obesity (aged from 30 to 55 years old) was evaluated by ultrasound duplex scan. Atherosclerotic plaques of common and/or internal carotid arteries were revealed in 35% of patients. Correlations were observed between intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery, blood pressure levels, waist circumference and metabolic parameters.

Pain Induces Decrease of Blood Flow in the Common Carotid Arteries in Cluster Headache Attacks

Cephalalgia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Hannerz ◽  
Tomas Jogestrand
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Initial Flow ◽  
Maximum Pain ◽  
Reflex Activation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

Eighteen cluster headache patients and five controls were studied using ultrasound duplex techniques to measure blood flow in the common carotid arteries after nitroglycerin and placebo administration. Vessel diameter and blood flow tended to be greater before nitroglycerin in patients in the cluster headache period than in patients out of period and controls. Nitroglycerin tended to increase blood flow only in patients not in the cluster period and in controls. There was a significant decrease in common carotid blood flow and increase in vascular resistance related to maximum pain in both nitroglycerin-induced and spontaneous cluster headache attacks. Blood flow did not reach the initial flow values after the attack was over. In one patient a hyperventilation attack only temporarily decreased the pain. We suggest that the decrease in blood flow and increase in vascular resistance may be due to constriction of intracranial arteries by reflex activation of sympathetic efferents, rather than to decrease of arterial CO2 tension.

scholarly journals Delayed Hypoperfusion after Incomplete Forebrain Ischemia in the Rat. The Role of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjarne Grøgaard ◽  
Ludwig Schürer ◽  
Bengt Gerdin ◽  
Karl E. Arfors
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Local Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Insult ◽  
Ischemic Period ◽  
Normal Sheep Serum ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) in postischemic delayed hypoperfusion in the rat brain was investigated. Cerebral ischemia was accomplished by reversible bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 15 min combined with bleeding to an MABP of 50 mm Hg. The animals of one group were depleted of their circulating PMNLs by intraperitoneal injections of an antineutrophil serum (ANS) prior to the experiment. All animals included in this group had fewer than 0.2 × 109 circulating PMNLs/L at the start of the experiments. In another group ANS was injected intravenously for 5 min starting 2 min after the ischemic insult. After 4 min of recirculation, the number of circulating PMNLs in this group was below 10% of the normal. Control animals were injected with the same amount of normal sheep serum or were not treated at all. Sixty minutes after termination of ischemia, the local blood flow in previously ischemic cerebral structures was 40–50% of the normal as measured with the [14C]iodoantipyrine technique. In animals treated with ANS prior to the ischemic insult, the postischemic blood flow in the frontal, sensorimotor, and parietal cortex as well as caudoputamen and thalamus was significantly higher than that in non-ANS-treated animals. Treatment with ANS immediately after the ischemic period caused no improvement of the local CBF. It is concluded that PMNLs are involved in the cerebral postischemic flow derangements seen in this model. Their effects seem to be exerted during ischemia or immediately upon reinstitution of blood flow.

scholarly journals The dependency of structural and functional features of common carotid arteries on systolic blood pressure in hypertensive patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 551-554
Author(s):  
L. V. Melnikova
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

The paper addresses the dependence of common carotid arteries (CCA) remodeling parameters from systolic blood ressure value in patients with essential hypertension aged 30-62 years. Ultrasound examination of CCA and heart was arried out. Structural changes of CCA and central haemodynamic indices were estimated. Correlation between systolic blood pressure, CCA diameter and intima-media complex thickness was detected. Reduction of wall elasticity was revealed blood pressure increased.

Arterial baroreceptors have minimal physiological effects on adrenal medullary secretion

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. H194-H200 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Fater ◽  
W. D. Sundet ◽  
H. D. Schultz ◽  
K. L. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Intravenous Nitroglycerin ◽  
Induced Hypotension ◽  
Arterial Baroreceptors ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries ◽  
Cardiac Nerves

The influence of arterial baroreceptors on secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla was evaluated by several methods. Conscious mongrel dogs with surgically denervated hearts were hemorrhaged until an estimated 16% of their blood volume had been removed. On a separate day they were anesthetized and their blood pressure was lowered with intravenous nitroglycerin. Neither of these maneuvers produced appreciable increases in heart rate in these dogs. In contrast, in a group of sham-operated control dogs, hemorrhage induced a mean increase in heart rate of 20 beats/min (P less than 0.05), and nitroglycerin-induced hypotension induced an increase of 50 beats/min (P less than 0.05). In a separate group of conscious dogs with aortic arch denervation but intact cardiac nerves, occlusion of the common carotid arteries for 5 min increased blood pressure and heart rate significantly but elicited only small, insignificant increases in plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine; the peak concentration of epinephrine achieved was considerably less than the amount necessary to cause appreciable effects on blood pressure and heart rate as determined in another experiment by infusing varying amounts of epinephrine into conscious, cardiac-denervated dogs. We conclude that the arterial baroreceptor reflex, within the range of activity likely to occur during most physiological and pathophysiological adjustments in the conscious dog, exerts only minimal effects on the secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document