scholarly journals Shifting Tides: The Port City of Mombasa and the First World War

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24
Author(s):  
Daniel Steinbach
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
East African ◽  
East African Coast ◽  
Social Conventions ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Global War ◽  
And Control ◽  
First World

Port cities across the world were deeply affected by the First World War. They had to adapt quickly to the influx of soldiers and labourers, as well as to resulting population changes that challenged and strained local structures. The pressure of these changes was especially felt in colonial port cities, as new arrivals – from abroad and from the hinterland – had the potential to undermine colonial order and control. In the period of 1914-1918 colonial authorities around the Indian Ocean saw local concerns regarding order and control overridden by global developments and imperial demands.Mombasa, located on the East African coast, provides a potent example of this situation. In the war years, Mombasa turned into a military hub, with thousands of troops passing through it to serve in the East African campaign. These external arrivals were mirrored by the movement of people from the hinterland into the city seeking to fill positions in the local war economy. In this dynamic context, racial borders, social conventions, and economic patterns were continually challenged and transgressed. This article explores these developments and reactions they triggered among Indians, Africans, and Europeans in Mombasa at the time of the global war. 

‘We Are the Dead’: The War Poets, metal music and chaos control

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Mora-Rioja
Keyword(s):  
Chaos Control ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
War Poetry ◽  
Metal Music ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Musical Resources ◽  
Religious Establishment ◽  
And Control ◽  
First World

During the course of the First World War, the generation of British authors known collectively as the War Poets revolutionized the popular culture of their time. Due to their changing attitudes towards armed conflict, their portrayal of war chaos included realist descriptions of life in the trenches, unusual choices of subject matter and an eventual challenge to the political and religious establishment of their time. Metal music, a genre with an inherent lyrical and musical concern about chaos and control, has crafted several songs inspired on the First World War poetry. This specific relationship has not been studied before. Based on Weinstein’s and Walser’s insights on chaos and control in metal music, the aim of this article is to evaluate the ability of metal music to either transmit or refute the War Poets’ discourse on chaos, and to study the textual and musical resources metal bands use to relay and control said discourse. For this purpose, I perform a comparative analysis of nine metal music adaptations and appropriations of six different First World War poems they are based on. A chronological path of the evolution of the First World War poetry is followed. The study concludes that, besides effectively transmitting or contesting the War Poets’ discourse on chaos, metal music exerts chaos control through its use of musical resources, especially in the case of extreme metal subgenres.

Decentralization, Imperialism, and Ottoman Sovereignty in the Arab Lands before 1914

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Atçıl
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
First World War ◽  
Central Control ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The First World War ◽  
And Control ◽  
Administrative Decentralization ◽  
First World

Before the First World War, Shakīb Arslān’s political views and polemic against the Ottoman Administrative Decentralization Party was primarily based on his and his family’s experiences in the politics of Mount Lebanon since 1861. His contacts with Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī and Muḥammad ʿAbduh did not inspire him to adopt a pan-Islamist or reformist stance. When he became involved in politics at the Ottoman imperial level after 1911, he called for strengthening Ottoman central control in the Arab lands. He interpreted the demands of decentralization and autonomy as the desire to establish a political system along the lines of the special administration in Mount Lebanon, which he viewed as an invitation to increase of European influence. He therefore accused those who promoted decentralization of dishonesty and treason. His essential motive at this time was to preserve and justify the strength and control of the Ottoman center. His view of Islam as a political unifier did not have a reformist edge, but was designed as a counterpoise to the idea of Arab exclusivity. 


scholarly journals Dowód osobisty wzór 1928 – koncepcja, realizacja i przemiany

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Marian Łomnicki
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Document Design ◽  
National Identification ◽  
The First World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

W artykule omówiono historię wprowadzenia na ziemiach polskich w okresie po pierwszej wojnie światowej dokumentu poświadczającego tożsamość – dowodu osobistego. Szczegółowej analizie poddano formularz uchwalony rozporządzeniem Prezydenta Rzeczypospolitej z 16 marca 1928 r. O ewidencji i kontroli ruchu ludności, czyli ogólnokrajowemu jednolitemu dokumentowi tożsamości zwanemu potocznie dowodem osobistym wzór 28. W tekście omówiono różnice w formularzach występujące w poszczególnych regionach Polski w okresie międzywojennym, a także przykłady wykorzystania formularzy przez władze okupacyjne w okresie Design of the 1928 identification document - concept, execution and transformation The article presents the history of a national identification document in Poland in the period after the First World War. Special emphasis is put on the form adopted by the presidential resolution on March 16, 1928 On registration and control of the movement of people, that is, the single national identification document design no. 28. The text discusses differences between various forms in particular regions of Poland in the inter-war period, and provides the examples of how the forms were used by Nazi authorities during the Second World War and by the authorities after the Second World War.

Transnationalism and insurrection: independence committees, anti-colonial networks, and Germany’s global war

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jenkins ◽  
Heike Liebau ◽  
Larissa Schmid
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
North African ◽  
World War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Strategic Relationships ◽  
Global War ◽  
First World

AbstractThis article analyses the Indian, Persian, and Algerian–Tunisian independence committees and their place in Germany’s ‘programme for revolution’, Berlin’s attempt to instigate insurrection across the British, French, and Russian empires during the First World War. The agency of Asian and North African activists in this programme remains largely unknown, and their wartime collaboration in Germany is an under-researched topic in the histories of anti-colonial activism. This article explores the collaboration between the three committees, highlighting their strategic relationships with German officials and with each other. Criticizing the Eurocentric framings still present in studies of wartime strategy, it contributes to a growing historiography on the war as a global conflict. It argues that the independence committees were central actors in Germany’s programme, that the transnationalism of the pre-1914 anti-colonial movements both imprinted Germany’s programme and was furthered by it, and that only a comparative perspective exploring the interactions of its anti-colonial activists fully grasps the global scope of this topic.

Personnel

2012 ◽  
pp. 299-320
Author(s):  
Gordon Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
First World War ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
World War ◽  
The Core ◽  
The First World War ◽  
And Control ◽  
First World ◽  
Edith Penrose

This chapter examines the role of executives within the Furness Group and the way in which they conducted the Group’s affairs. It seeks to determine the structure of Furness Withy’s personnel in 1919 and the disruptive factors that surrounded it, such as the First World War, and the withdrawal of the Furness family. It uses the structural management theories of Alfred Chandler, Edith Penrose, and Peter Payne to explain how ownership and control of Furness Withy became divorced, yet personal concerns and motivations continued to structure the company’s development. It also explores statements and publications written by Christopher Furness and his associates that illuminate his management strategies and incentives, and the organisational direction within the Group. At the core of the chapter is the question of whether the Group failed to consolidate their interests due to executives failing to implement their knowledge, or due to the administrative complexity surrounding the expansion efforts of the Group. It concludes that as the Furness family withdrew, their dynastic style of management continued to influence the next generation of leadership, a curious but not overtly hindering development.

Not All Quiet on the Ottoman Fronts: Neglected Perspectives on a Global War, 1914-1918

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
First World War ◽  
Memory Representation ◽  
World War ◽  
Total War ◽  
The First World War ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Global War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World

The First World War was the first great catastrophe of the twentieth century, and the Ottoman Empire was part of it. The Ottoman theatre in the Great War witnessed both the demolition and re-making of the modern Middle East. This volume focuses on specific topics which touch upon concrete individual lives and discusses them within economic, demographic, gender, and artistic frameworks. The reader will encounter diverse individuals ranging from ordinary soldiers, peasants, women, orphans to artists who had to struggle for survival within the brutal conditions of a total war. The volume is composed of three parts: 1. wartime mobilization policies and their social and economic aspects; 2. demographic changes, minorities and gender in the war; 3. memory, representation and the end of the war.

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