Digitization of Slide Film (35mm) – Transfer, Postproduction, Admissible Changes

One of the most widespread photography formats before digitization, both for professional and amateur use, was the slide film (35mm, Leica format). Due to its compact size, compared to medium and large formats, this equipment was preferred by all photo reporters, photographs of the wild nature (probably the best known was the ones of the National Geographic magazine) and of course for the general people, creating family photos. Slides were the common way of presenting, when images had to be shown at wide audience. They appeared also in art – in galleries and on stage. For that reason there is enormous material shot on this medium, transferred regularly in digital format. The digitization itself is constantly changing and sometimes the same image is digitized numerous times. In this material I will follow the basic ways of digitization and the changes that occur. Important problem of the digital transfer still remains the limit of admissible postproduction, which inevitably is modifying the initial image. Keywords: Photography, Slides, Digitization, 35mm

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2018. gada latviešu metālmūzikas albumi

Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums ◽

10.37384/aplkp.2020.25.185 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 185-200

Author(s):

Ingars Gusāns

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Music ◽

Knowing That ◽

Music Scene ◽

Digital Format ◽

First Impression ◽

The World ◽

The Common

The aim of the study is to describe metal music albums of the year 2018 from the genre, textual and artistic aspects, looking for the common and diverse in the Latvian metal music world. It is recognised that there is still no unified collection of Latvian rock and metal music resources, and that makes the researcher’s work more interesting. Even though only ten metal albums came out in 2018, their metal styles are quite wide-ranging from symphonic metal and through thrash, groove, industrial metal to classic heavy metal, which is also played in an acoustic format. Album designs, in the author’s opinion, are classic but qualitative and do not damage the first impression, especially designs of those albums that were released on physical media. Because physical media is becoming an exclusive case, the trend continues to sell albums only in digital format (at least at first); this has been done by the bands “Revelation Attic”, “Yomi”, “Seira”, “NUVO”. Perhaps knowing that Latvia is too small to live on music only, as well as wishing to expand their audience and be noticed abroad, the 5 of the albums in question are recorded in English. The debuts of several newly formed bands (“Seira”, “Revelation Attic”, “Māra”) confirm the unlost interest in metal music and also show the attempts of these groups to build their way to Latvian and the world metal music scene, which manifests in their search for a strange sound (“NUVO”) or a strong female vocal use (“Oceanpath”, “Seira”, “Māra”). In general, Latvian metal music representatives continue the world’s metal music traditions, where it is extremely difficult to surprise because the number of existing bands is so large that it is almost impossible to be original, while the population of the planet is so big that many bands can access the listener so that each band also searches for its audience, both online and in concerts.

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Speaking for the People in Early Modern England*

Past & Present ◽

10.1093/pastj/gtz024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 244 (1) ◽

pp. 51-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

David Coast

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Political Thought ◽

Early Modern England ◽

English Civil War ◽

Common People ◽

Wide Audience ◽

The People ◽

The Reformation ◽

The Common ◽

The Voice

Abstract The voice of the people is assumed to have carried little authority in early modern England. Elites often caricatured the common people as an ignorant multitude and demanded their obedience, deference and silence. Hostility to the popular voice was an important element of contemporary political thought. However, evidence for a very different set of views can be found in numerous polemical tracts written between the Reformation and the English Civil War. These tracts claimed to speak for the people, and sought to represent their alleged grievances to the monarch or parliament. They subverted the rules of petitioning by speaking for ‘the people’ as a whole and appealing to a wide audience, making demands for the redress of grievances that left little room for the royal prerogative. In doing so, they contradicted stereotypes about the multitude, arguing that the people were rational, patriotic and potentially better informed about the threats to the kingdom than the monarch themselves. ‘Public opinion’ was used to confer legitimacy on political and religious demands long before the mass subscription petitioning campaigns of the 1640s.

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