A Review of the Spinal Subarachnoid Space

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Lexian McBain ◽  
Marc Vetter ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
R. Shane Tubbs
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space

An Improved Procedure for Catheterization of the Thoracic Spinal Subarachnoid Space in the Rat

2005 ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Y. Poon ◽  
Alice Y. W. Chang ◽  
S F. Ko ◽  
Samuel H. H. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space

Temporal changes of spinal subarachnoid space patency after graded spinal cord injury in rats

Injury ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca E. Franco-Bourland ◽  
Horacio J. Reyes-Alva ◽  
Alejandra Quintana-Armenta ◽  
Angelina Martinez-Cruz ◽  
Ignacio Madrazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Cord Injury

Posterior fossa craniotomy for trapped fourth ventricle in shunt-treated hydrocephalic children: long-term outcome

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhas Udayakumaran ◽  
Naresh Biyani ◽  
David P. Rosenbaum ◽  
Liat Ben-Sira ◽  
Shlomi Constantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Late Complication ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Trapped Fourth Ventricle

Object Trapped fourth ventricle (TFV) is a rare late complication of postinfectious or posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus. This entity is distinct from a large fourth ventricle because TFV entails pressure in the fourth ventricle and posterior fossa due to abnormal inflow and outflow of CSF, causing significant symptoms and signs. As TFV is mostly found in children who were born prematurely and have cerebral palsy, diagnosis and treatment options are a true challenge. Methods Between February 1998 and February 2007, 12 children were treated for TFV in Dana Children's Hospital by posterior fossa craniotomy/craniectomy and opening of the TFV into the spinal subarachnoid space. The authors performed a retrospective analysis of relevant data, including pre- and postoperative clinical characteristics, surgical management, and outcome. Results Thirteen fenestrations of trapped fourth ventricles (FTFVs) were performed in 12 patients. In 6 patients with prominent arachnoid thickening, a stent was left from the opened fourth ventricle into the spinal subarachnoid space. One patient underwent a second FTFV 21 months after the initial procedure. No perioperative complications were encountered. All 12 patients (100%) showed clinical improvement after FTFV. Radiological improvement was seen in only 9 (75%) of the 12 cases. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 9.5 years (mean 6.11 ± 2.3 years) after FTFV. Conclusions Fenestration of a TFV via craniotomy is a safe and effective option with a very good long-term outcome and low rate of morbidity.

Increased Intracranial Pressure

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
John F. Griffith ◽  
Jimmy C. Brasfield
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Raised Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
Increased Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Underlying Process ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Rate Of Absorption

The infant or child with increasing pressure within the cranial cavity must be identified early and treated promptly in order to prevent serious complications or death. When the pressure elevation is gradual it is frequently well tolerated, and the patient may seem deceptively well. There is a critical point, however, beyond which any further increase in pressure leads to a catastrophic deterioration in the patient's condition.1 When this occurs, the outlook for quality survival is poor despite the best therapy. Unfortunately, this can occur when the underlying process is benign and would have been reversible if recognized and treated promptly. For prompt recognition and treatment, the physician must be familiar with the pathophysiology of raised intracranial pressure. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The intracranial compartment contains blood vessels, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain, and leptomeninges which include the rigid dural membranes forming the falx and tentorium. Whenever there is an increase in the volume of any one of these intracranial components (brain, CSF, blood) there must be a corresponding reduction in the size of the others in order for the intracranial pressure to remain normal. This type of compensation or buffering capacity is particularly important in the early stages of intracranial disease. As the pressure mounts from any type of mass lesion, the CSF is displaced caudally into the spinal subarachnoid space and there is a corresponding increase in the rate of absorption of CSF.2

scholarly journals Clearance of cerebrospinal fluid from the sacral spine through lymphatic vessels

2019 ◽  
Vol 216 (11) ◽  
pp. 2492-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoli Ma ◽  
Yann Decker ◽  
Andreas Müller ◽  
Benjamin V. Ineichen ◽  
Steven T. Proulx
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Intraventricular Injection ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Sacral Spine

The pathways of circulation and clearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the spine have yet to be elucidated. We have recently shown with dynamic in vivo imaging that routes of outflow of CSF in mice occur along cranial nerves to extracranial lymphatic vessels. Here, we use near-infrared and magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate the flow of CSF tracers within the spinal column and reveal the major spinal pathways for outflow to lymphatic vessels in mice. We found that after intraventricular injection, a spread of CSF tracers occurs within both the central canal and the spinal subarachnoid space toward the caudal end of the spine. Outflow of CSF tracers from the spinal subarachnoid space occurred predominantly from intravertebral regions of the sacral spine to lymphatic vessels, leading to sacral and iliac LNs. Clearance of CSF from the spine to lymphatic vessels may have significance for many conditions, including multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury.

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