cranial cavity
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

181
(FIVE YEARS 33)

H-INDEX

19
(FIVE YEARS 1)

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Amadeo ◽  
Daniel Van Lewen ◽  
Taylor Janke ◽  
Tommaso Ranzani ◽  
Anand Devaiah ◽  
...  

Metallic tools such as graspers, forceps, spatulas, and clamps have been used in proximity to delicate neurological tissue and the risk of damage to this tissue is a primary concern for neurosurgeons. Novel soft robotic technologies have the opportunity to shift the design paradigm for these tools towards safer and more compliant, minimally invasive methods. Here, we present a pneumatically actuated, origami-inspired deployable brain retractor aimed at atraumatic surgical workspace generation inside the cranial cavity. We discuss clinical requirements, design, fabrication, analytical modeling, experimental characterization, and in-vitro validation of the proposed device on a brain model.


2022 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Gabriela Wronski ◽  
Fernando Froner Argenta ◽  
Regina Tose Kemper ◽  
Jacqueline Raiter ◽  
Natasha Rossoni de Oliveira ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Multiple congenital malformations can occur concomitantly in several species since the anomaly in one organ may lead directly to the malformation of another. Additionally, the etiology is not always clarified. Choristoma refers to an ectopic tissue that is histologically normal in an abnormal location. A case of pulmonary and nodal choristoma associated with cranioschisis, hydrocephalus, and syringomyelia in a new-born calf is reported here. Clinically, the calf had a mass in the frontal region of the head associated with local bone deformation. At necropsy, there was cranioschisis in the junction of the frontal bones and a 14 × 10 × 7 cm mass, grossly consistent with well-differentiated pulmonary tissue covered by skin, covering the opening between the frontal bones, and extending into the cranial cavity, leading to local cerebral compression. With the pulmonary choristoma, there was a well-differentiated lymphoid tissue. Additionally, in the central nervous system, there was severe hydrocephalus involving lateral ventricles and multiple areas of syringomyelia in the spinal cord.


Author(s):  
Aleksander Chrószcz ◽  
Piotr Baranowski ◽  
Andrzej Janowski ◽  
Dominik Poradowski ◽  
Maciej Janeczek ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
pp. 096777202110540
Author(s):  
Daniel Jaramillo-Velásquez ◽  
Fernando Hakim ◽  
Andreas K Demetriades

Salomón Hakim (1922–2011) was a Colombian neurosurgeon and brain scientist This biography examines the social and cultural background through which he emerged as an inquisitive and multi-dimensional surgeon-scientist, and his lifelong contributions to the specialty of neurosurgery. With empirical knowledge in applied medical physics, electronics, electricity and chemistry, he understood the paradoxical phenomenon of symptomatic hydrocephalus with normal cerebrospinal fluid pressure. This ultimately led Hakim to describe in exquisite detail the physics of the cranial cavity and brain hydrodynamics. His name is intertwined with the identification of the entity of a syndrome which had not previously been addressed in the medical literature: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (Hakim's syndrome). Additionally, he designed and built various models of valved shunting devices to treat the condition (eg the Hakim programmable valve). Through his selflessness and cogent work, Hakim left a legacy and intellectual heritage that has allowed many colleagues worldwide to save thousands of lives who would be otherwise condemned to oblivion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-225
Author(s):  
A. P. Kusyak ◽  
◽  
A. L. Petranovska ◽  
S. P. Turanska ◽  
O. I. Oranska ◽  
...  

The aim of the work is the synthesis of nanostructures based on lanthanum fluoride, promising for use in photodynamic therapy of tumors in organs of cranial cavity and bone tissues; a study of their structural properties and luminescence spectra. Synthesis of LaF3:Tb3+ was carried out by coprecipitation of components from aqueous and alcoholic (methanol) solution. As precursors were used: La(NO3)3×6H2O, TbCl3, NH4F. All reagents have qualification “chemically pure”. Distilled water and methanol were used as solvent. The synthesis of nanosized magnetite in the single-domain state was performed by the Elmore method. Synthesized nanodisperse samples are characterized by XRD analysis, DTGA, TEM. The magnetic properties and spectra of UV luminescence were also studied. It has been found that the XRD-patterns of LaF3:Tb3+ samples synthesized in water and methanol do not differ fundamentally. Under the experimental conditions, the most perfect crystals of hexagonal syngony were formed during crystallization in an autoclave. Their average size was ~ 15 nm. In TEM images, the length of the crystals exceeds the width by 3–4 times. Crystals are prone to aggregation and the formation of chain structures. The UV luminescence spectrum of the synthesized nanodisperse samples in aqueous medium at the concentration of 0.5 mg/ml and excited by ultraviolet radiation is characteristic of the structure of LaF3:Tb3+. Ensembles of particles Fe3O4/LaF3:Tb3+ NCs were synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy has shown that the shapes of particles of NCs and LaF3:Tb3+ nanocrystals are fundamentally different. Particles of Fe3O4/LaF3:Tb3+ NCs have a spherical shape, which is characteristic of structures of the core-shell type. X-ray diffraction patterns of NCs confirm this conclusion. The conditions for the synthesis of NCs did not significantly change the magnetic properties of their nuclei, single-domain Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs). The luminescence spectrum of Fe3O4/LaF3:Tb3+ NCs differs significantly from the spectrum of samples of nanodispersed LaF3:Tb3+ both in intensity and in the structure of the bands. These spectral differences may be due to differences in structure, features of the nanocrystalline structure, the content of the LaF3:Tb3+ scintillator and Tb3+ ions in samples of LaF3:Tb3+ nanocrystals and shells of Fe3O4/LaF3:Tb3+ nanocomposites. Composites of dispersed 60S bioglass with nanodispersed crystalline LaF3:Tb3+ in the dry state, and distilled water, showed the presence of luminescence upon excitation by UV radiation. The results of research show the prospects of the synthesized nanodispersed luminophors LaF3:Tb3+, for use as a source of luminescent radiation in optopharmacology and photodynamic therapy of tumors in organs of cranial cavity and bone tissues. Optimization of luminescent properties of the original nanodispersed luminophors, their compositions with bioactive glass, luminescent shells in the composition of magnetosensitive NCs, as well as the technology of manufacturing of these structures will significantly allow us to improve their performance characteristics. The results of the work indicate the prospects of the synthesized structures for further research under the conditions of excitation by high-permeability “soft” X-ray radiation for use in optopharmacology and photodynamic therapy of tumors in organs of cranial cavity and bone tissues. Optimization of properties of the original nanodispersed luminophors, their compositions with bioactive glass and magnetosensitive carriers Fe3O4 will allow us to improve significantly their performance characteristics.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Vass ◽  
M. J. Moore ◽  
T. Hanayik ◽  
G. Mair ◽  
S. T. Pendlebury ◽  
...  

AbstractCranial cavity extraction is often the first step in quantitative neuroimaging analyses. However, few automated, validated extraction tools have been developed for non-contrast enhanced CT scans (NECT). The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast freely available tools in an unseen dataset of real-world clinical NECT head scans in order to assess the performance and generalisability of these tools. This study included data from a demographically representative sample of 428 patients who had completed NECT scans following hospitalisation for stroke. In a subset of the scans (n = 20), the intracranial spaces were segmented using automated tools and compared to the gold standard of manual delineation to calculate accuracy, precision, recall, and dice similarity coefficient (DSC) values. Further, three readers independently performed regional visual comparisons of the quality of the results in a larger dataset (n = 428). Three tools were found; one of these had unreliable performance so subsequent evaluation was discontinued. The remaining tools included one that was adapted from the FMRIB software library (fBET) and a convolutional neural network- based tool (rBET). Quantitative comparison showed comparable accuracy, precision, recall and DSC values (fBET: 0.984 ± 0.002; rBET: 0.984 ± 0.003; p = 0.99) between the tools; however, intracranial volume was overestimated. Visual comparisons identified characteristic regional differences in the resulting cranial cavity segmentations. Overall fBET had highest visual quality ratings and was preferred by the readers in the majority of subject results (84%). However, both tools produced high quality extractions of the intracranial space and our findings should improve confidence in these automated CT tools. Pre- and post-processing techniques may further improve these results.


2021 ◽  
pp. 114265
Author(s):  
Amanda Dias Tadeu ◽  
Karen Miyuki Asano ◽  
Adriana Cândido Rodrigues ◽  
Helena Beatriz de Carvalho Ruthner Batista ◽  
Camila Mosca Barboza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol XVIII (2) ◽  
pp. 504-504
Author(s):  
Vitaliy N. Likhnitsky

A 19-year-old subject was hit in the right eye by a bullet and entered the cranial cavity and remained there.


Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Marcos Martín-Jiménez ◽  
Adán Pérez-García

Bothremydidae is a successful lineage of pleurodiran turtles that lived from the Cretaceous to the Paleogene, and are found in most continents of both Laurasia and Gondwana. Despite numerous known cranial remains of this clade, no study on the complete neuroanatomical reconstruction of any of its representatives has been published so far. Tartaruscola teodorii is a French lower Eocene member of Foxemydina (Bothremydini), known by two skulls. It is one of the few bothremydids identified in the Cenozoic record of Europe. The present study includes the complete three-dimensional reconstruction of each of the cranial bones of both the holotype and the paratype of T. teodorii, increasing the anatomical information about this species. The virtual reconstruction of its neuroanatomical structures is presented here, including the cranial cavity, nerves, nasal cavity, inner ears, and carotid arteries. This analysis is the first detailed neuroanatomical study performed for a member of Bothremydidae. In addition, the virtual reconstruction of the neuroanatomical structures of some extant taxa belonging to several pleurodiran lineages (Chelidae, Pelomedusidae and Podocnemididae), are also carried out and analyzed, so that the comparative framework for Pleurodira is remarkably improved.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document