The effect of site (deltoid or gluteus muscle) of intramuscular administration of anaesthetic drugs on the course of immobilisation in macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

The aim of this work was to study the effect of site of intramuscular administration of anaesthetic drugs on the course of immobilisation in macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Twenty macaque monkeys were given medetomidine (25 µg·kg-1) and ketamine (3 mg·kg-1) intramuscularly to the deltoid (n = 10 animals) or gluteus (n = 10 animals) muscles. Behavioural changes, loss of aggressiveness, immobilisation time and cardiorespiratory changes were recorded. The effect of drugs was reversed after 20 min by i.m. administration of atipamezole at the dose of 250 µg·kg-1. Highly significant differences (P < 0.001) were found between groups with gluteal or deltoid administration of drugs on the onset of immobilisation effect (71.3 s and 108.3 s, respectively), and immobilisation time (152.7 s and 254.4 s, respectively). In the gluteus muscle group, the grasp reflex was still present at the beginning of immobilisation and slowly wore off in 15–45 s. The same was valid for muscle tone. There were no differences in cardiorespiratory parameters in any of the groups. Animals of both groups recovered in 3–6 min after atipamezole administration. Administration of drugs to the deltoid muscle resulted in a more rapid onset and increased effect of immobilisation than administration to the gluteus muscle. Both in veterinary and human medicine, injection to the deltoid muscle may be more convenient in all cases, when rapid and more prominent effect is desirable as in premedication before surgery or in emergency medicine. The study is the first to compare the effect of administering drugs to different muscles and the results may improve the practice of intramuscular injections in animals and in humans.

Download Full-text

The effect of site of intramuscular administration of anaesthetic drugs on the course of immobilisation in macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Deltoid versus gluteus muscle

European Journal of Anaesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00003643-201106001-00468 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Hess ◽

J. Malek ◽

A. Kurzova ◽

M. Votava

Keyword(s):

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Intramuscular Administration ◽

Macaque Monkeys ◽

Gluteus Muscle

Download Full-text

A Role of Amygdala in Visual Perception and Cognition in Macaque Monkeys (Macaca fuscata and Macaca mulatta)

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1620/tjem.161.supplement_95 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 161 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 95-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

EIICHI IWAI ◽

MASAO YUKIE ◽

JOJI WATANABE ◽

KAZUO HIKOSAKA ◽

HIDEO SUYAMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Perception ◽

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Macaca Fuscata ◽

Macaque Monkeys

Download Full-text

Hormonal regulation and germ cell-specific expression of heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) in the testis of macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis)

International Journal of Andrology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2605.1998.00125.x ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 301-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

MEINHARDT ◽

SEITZ ◽

ARSLAN ◽

AUMÜLLER ◽

WEINBAUER

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Germ Cell ◽

Macaca Mulatta ◽

Hormonal Regulation ◽

Heat Shock Protein 60 ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Macaque Monkeys

Download Full-text

ABSORPTION AND SEDATIVE EFFECTS OF DIAZEPAM AFTER ORAL ADMINISTRATION AND INTRAMUSCULAR ADMINISTRATION INTO THE VASTUS LATERALIS MUSCLE AND THE DELTOID MUSCLE

British Journal of Anaesthesia ◽

10.1093/bja/47.8.857 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 857-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

K. KORTTILA ◽

M. LINNOILA

Keyword(s):

Oral Administration ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Deltoid Muscle ◽

Intramuscular Administration ◽

Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽

Lateralis Muscle ◽

Sedative Effects

Download Full-text

Dependence of cyclopiazonic-acid-induced muscle contractures on extracellular Ca2+

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y03-116 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 81 (12) ◽

pp. 1101-1109 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S J Hong ◽

Hsiu-Chuan Liang ◽

Ching-Jung Shen

Keyword(s):

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Muscle Tone ◽

Inositol Trisphosphate ◽

Cyclopiazonic Acid ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Slow Phase ◽

Free Medium ◽

Inositol Trisphosphate Receptor ◽

Phosphatidylinositol Kinase ◽

Trisphosphate Receptor

Inhibition of Ca2+ uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum decreases cytosolic Ca2+ clearance and also triggers Ca2+ influx in response to Ca2+ store depletion. The role of extracellular Ca2+ in the contractures evoked by cyclo piazonic acid (CPA) and thapsigargin (TG), Ca2+ pump inhibitors, was assessed in mouse diaphragm. At 3–100 µM, CPA elicited a rapid-onset contracture followed by a large elevation of muscle tone, which corresponded temporally to the monophasic slow contracture evoked by TG (1–30 µM). Irrespective of the differences in profiles, contractures were prevented and inhibited by the removal of extracellular Ca2+, but not by nicardipine and SK&F96365, blockers of voltage-gated (L-type) and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels. Mn2+ and Ni2+ preferentially depressed the fast-phase contracture, whereas long-term pretreatment with LY294002, U73122, and 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborance, inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol kinase, phospholipase C, and inositol trisphosphate receptors, suppressed the slow-phase contrac ture. When contracture was inhibited, the twitch response remained augmented and prolonged by CPA and TG, indicating that the inhibition was not due to malfunction of the contractile apparatus. For preparations incubated in Ca2+-free medium containing CPA, a monophasic fast upstroke of muscle tone developed as extracellular Ca2+ was restored. The results suggest that the bimodal contracture induced by CPA is mediated by the recruitment of distinct Mn2+- and U73122-sensitive Ca2+ entries. The ongoing two-component Ca2+ entries might merge if the muscle preparation was preconditioned with CPA in Ca2+-free medium to deplete cellular Ca2+ stores.Key words: thapsigargin, LY294002, U73122, sarcoplasmic reticulum, 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane, inositol trisphosphate receptor.

Download Full-text

Triage. Card of Veterinary Patient Pre-segregation

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.5644 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 (9) ◽

pp. 590-592

Author(s):

Justyna Wojtaś ◽

Mirosław Karpiński ◽

Małgorzata Goleman ◽

Piotr Czyżowski ◽

Leszek Drozd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Medicine ◽

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Industrial Design ◽

New Technologies ◽

Human Medicine ◽

Medical Assistance ◽

Triage Protocol ◽

Life Threatening

Veterinary medicine is developing just as rapidly as human medicine. New technologies and workflows improving the process of treating humans are often applied in veterinary medicine. The procedure commonly used in emergency medicine is triage, that is, a system of patient segregation. In many countries, it has also proved extremely useful in the treatment of animals. Triage is a study and classification of patients according to the urgency of treatment. Its aim is mainly to recognize among many patients those that require immediate medical assistance. These are the so-called priority patients with life-threatening conditions. Animal clinics modify triage to suit the needs of veterinary patients. It improves greatly the work of clinics, especially in emergency waiting rooms. The aim of this study was to discuss the use of segregation in veterinary patients and to present our own proprietary triage protocol for the veterinary patient: Card of Veterinary Patient Pre-segregation (industrial design Rp.21948).

Download Full-text

Intramuscular Rapacuronium in Infants and Children

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199911000-00019 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 1285-1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lynne M. Reynolds ◽

Andrew Infosino ◽

Ronald Brown ◽

James Hsu ◽

Dennis M. Fisher

Keyword(s):

Tracheal Intubation ◽

Pediatric Patients ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Deltoid Muscle ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Infants And Children ◽

Halothane Anesthesia ◽

Duration Of Action ◽

In Infants And Children

Background Intravenous rapacuronium's rapid onset and short duration suggest that intramuscular rapacuronium might facilitate tracheal intubation without prolonged paralysis. Accordingly, the authors injected rapacuronium into the deltoid muscle to determine the optimal dose and time for intubation in pediatric patients. Methods Unpremedicated patients (aged, 2 months to 3 yr) were studied. Part I: Spontaneous minute ventilation (V(E)) and twitch tension were measured during N2O/halothane anesthesia. Rapacuronium (2.2-5.5 mg/kg, given intramuscularly, n = 23), succinylcholine (4 mg/kg, given intramuscularly, n = 12), or vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg, given intravenously, n = 15) was given. Time to 50% depression of V(E) and 10% recovery of twitch were measured. Dose for each patient was changed 10-20% according to the previous patient's response. Part II: In 22 patients anesthetized with 0.82-1.0% halothane, the optimal rapacuronium dose determined in part I (infants, 2.8 mg/kg; children, 4.8 mg/kg) was given intramuscularly. Laryngoscopy was scored. Time to laryngoscopy was increased or decreased 0.5 min according to the previous patient's response. Results Part I: Rapacuronium typically depressed ventilation in < or = 2 min with 10% twitch recovery in 20-60 min. With succinylcholine, median time to ventilatory depression was 1.3 and 1.1 min for infants and children, respectively; for vecuronium, 0.7 and 0.6 min. Part I: Intubating conditions were good-excellent at 3.0 and 2.5 min in infants and children, respectively; time to 10% twitch recovery (mean +/- SD) was 31 +/- 14 and 36 +/- 14 min in the two groups. Conclusions This pilot study indicates that deltoid injection of rapacuronium, 2.8 mg/kg in infants and 4.8 mg/kg in children, permits tracheal intubation within 2.5-3.0 min, despite a light plane of anesthesia. Duration of action is intermediate.

Download Full-text