scholarly journals Cryptic severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a Moroccan man living in Tuscany, Italy, August 2018

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Zammarchi ◽  
Nicoletta Di Lauria ◽  
Filippo Bartalesi ◽  
Lorenzo Roberto Suardi ◽  
Giampaolo Corti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Endemic Country ◽  
Anopheles Species

In August 2018 a Moroccan man living in Tuscany developed Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The patient declared having not recently visited any endemic country, leading to diagnostic delay and severe malaria. As susceptibility to P. falciparum of Anopheles species in Tuscany is very low, and other risk factors for acquiring malaria could not be completely excluded, the case remains cryptic, similar to other P. falciparum malaria cases previously reported in African individuals living in Apulia in 2017.

scholarly journals Predictors of treatment failures of plasmodium falciparum malaria in Vietnam: a 4-year single‐centre retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Cuong Duong ◽  
Oanh Kieu Nguyet Pham ◽  
Phong Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Van Vinh Chau Nguyen ◽  
Phu Hoan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Artemisinin Resistance ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Burden

Abstract Background Drug-resistant falciparum malaria is an increasing public health burden. This study examined the magnitude of Plasmodium falciparum infection and the patterns and predictors of treatment failure in Vietnam. Methods Medical records of all 443 patients with malaria infection admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases between January 2015 and December 2018 were used to extract information on demographics, risk factors, symptoms, laboratory tests, treatment, and outcome. Results More than half (59.8%, 265/443, CI 55.1–64.4%) of patients acquired Plasmodium falciparum infection of whom 21.9% (58/265, CI 17.1–27.4%) had severe malaria, while 7.2% (19/265, CI 4.6–10.9%) and 19.2% (51/265, CI 14.7–24.5%) developed early treatment failure (ETF) and late treatment failure (LTF) respectively. Among 58 patients with severe malaria, 14 (24.1%) acquired infection in regions where artemisinin resistance has been documented including Binh Phuoc (11 patients), Dak Nong (2 patients) and Gia Lai (1 patient). Under treatment with intravenous artesunate, the median (IQR) parasite half-life of 11 patients coming from Binh Phuoc was 3 h (2.3 to 8.3 h), two patients coming from Dak Nong was 2.8 and 5.7 h, and a patient coming from Gia Lai was 6.5 h. Most patients (98.5%, 261/265) recovered completely. Four patients with severe malaria died. Severe malaria was statistically associated with receiving treatment at previous hospitals (P < 0.001), hepatomegaly (P < 0.001) and number of inpatient days (P < 0.001). Having severe malaria was a predictor of ETF (AOR 6.96, CI 2.55–19.02, P < 0.001). No predictor of LTF was identified. Conclusions Plasmodium falciparum remains the prevalent malaria parasite. Despite low mortality rate, severe malaria is not rare and is a significant predictor of ETF. To reduce the risk for ETF, studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of combination therapy including parenteral artesunate and a parenteral partner drug for severe malaria. The study alerts the possibility of drug-resistant malaria in Africa and other areas in Vietnam, which are known as non-endemic areas of anti-malarial drug resistance. A more comprehensive study using molecular technique in these regions is required to completely understand the magnitude of drug-resistant malaria and to design appropriate control strategies.

Imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Istanbul, Turkey: risk factors for severe course and mortality

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferhat Arslan ◽  
Ali Mert ◽  
Ayse Batirel ◽  
Asuman Inan ◽  
Ilker Inanc Balkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

scholarly journals Two Cases of Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in the Netherlands without Recent Travel to a Malaria-Endemic Country

2013 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop E. Arends ◽  
Sanjay U. C. Sankatsing ◽  
Pieter-Jan Haas ◽  
Jan A. Kaan ◽  
Ewout B. Fanoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Endemic Country ◽  
Malaria Endemic Country

scholarly journals Anaemia following Artemisinin-Based Combination Treatments of Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Children: Temporal Patterns of Haematocrit and the Use of Uncomplicated Hyperparasitaemia as a Model for Evaluating Late-Appearing Anaemia

Chemotherapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akin Sowunmi ◽  
Kazeem Akano ◽  
Godwin Ntadom ◽  
Adejumoke Ayede ◽  
Stephen Oguche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Haemolytic Anaemia ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
High Parasitaemias ◽  
Uncomplicated Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria

Background: In severe malaria, intravenous artesunate may cause delayed haemolytic anaemia but there has been little evaluation of the propensity of oral artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs) to cause late-appearing anaemia. Methods: The frequency of anaemia (haematocrit <30%), and temporal changes in haematocrit were evaluated in 1,191 malarious children following ACTs. “Haematocrit conservation” was evaluated by using the fall in haematocrit/1,000 asexual parasites cleared from the peripheral blood (FIH/1,000 asexual parasites cpb), and the ratio of the average haematocrit (on the first 3 days of starting treatment):total parasitaemia cleared. Results: The frequency of anaemia decreased significantly following treatment. FIH/1,000 asexual parasites cpb, average haematocrit:total parasitaemia cleared, and mean haematocrit 5 weeks after treatment began were significantly lower in hyperparasitaemic children than in children without hyperparasitaemia, suggesting haematocrit conservation during treatment followed later by a loss of haematocrit. Asymptomatic late-appearing anaemia occurred in 6% of the children. Conclusion: Artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine contribute to haematocrit conservation at high parasitaemias but may cause late-appearing anaemia.

scholarly journals Predictors of treatment failures of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Vietnam: a 4-year single-center retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh Cuong Duong ◽  
Oanh Kieu Nguyet Pham ◽  
Phong Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Chau Van Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Phu Hoan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Central Highland

Abstract BackgroundDrug-resistant falciparum malaria is an increasing public health burden. We examined the magnitude of Plasmodium falciparum infection and the patterns and predictors of treatment failure in Vietnam. MethodsMedical records of all 443 patients with malaria infection admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases between January 2015 and December 2018 were used to extract information on demographics, risk factors, symptoms, laboratory tests, treatment, and outcomes. ResultsMore than half (59.8%, CI 55.1%-64.4%) of patient acquired P. falciparum infection of whom 21.9% (CI 17.1%-27.4%) had severe malaria, while 7.2% (CI 4.6%-10.9%) and 19.2% (CI 14.7%-24.5%) developed early treatment failure (ETF) and late treatment failure (LTF) respectively. ETF was 4.7% among patients referred from Binh Phuoc province and Central Highland, 12.9% from other areas in Vietnam, and 6.9% from Africa. LTF was 16.2% among patients from Binh Phuoc province and Central Highland, 22.6% from other areas in Vietnam, and 27.6% from Africa. Most patients (98.5%) recovered completely. Having severe malaria was a predictor of ETF (AOR 6.96, CI 2.55-19.02, P < 0.001). No predictor of LTF was identified.ConclusionP. falciparum remains the prevalent malaria parasite. Despite low mortality rate, severe malaria is not rare and is a significant predictor of ETF. To reduce the risk for ETF, studies are needed to examine the effectiveness of combination therapy including parenteral artesunate and a parenteral partner drug for severe malaria. The study alerts the possibility of drug-resistant malaria in Africa and other areas in Vietnam which are known as nonendemic areas of antimalarial drug resistance. A more comprehensive study using molecular technique in these regions is required to completely understand the magnitude of drug-resistant malaria and to design appropriate control strategies.

scholarly journals Haematological parameters, haemozoin-containing leukocytes in Sudanese children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdi M Salih ◽  
Hatim G Eltahir ◽  
Tajeldin M Abdallah ◽  
Tariq E Elmahdi ◽  
Ammar H Khamis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Severe Malaria ◽  
Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Negative Controls

Introduction: Haemozoin –containing leucocytes (HCL) can be used to predict severe malaria. Methodology: A case –control study was conducted in Singa, Sudan, to investigate the haematological values and HCL in children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. The cases were children with severe P. falciparum malaria (67). The two groups of controls were patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria (63) and healthy children (50). Results: The mean (±SD) age was 5.5 (±3.8) years. In comparison with children with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, children with severe P. falciparum malaria had significantly lower haemoglobin and platelet counts, and significantly higher lymphocyte counts, red cell distribution width (RDW), and platelet distribution width (PDW). The rate of haemozoin –containing monocytes (percentage of children positive for this parameter in each group) was 91.0%, 84.6% and 50.0%, P<0.001 in children with severe P. falciparum, uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria and negative controls, respectively. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for blood parameters and HCL were plotted and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated for the prediction of severe P. falciparum malaria infection. The ROC curve analysis, showed a fair predictability of malaria for haemoglobin (AUC = 0.74, sensitivity = 76.0% and specificity  = 60.3%, cut-off  = 9.7g/dl), lymphocytes (AUC = 0.71, sensitivity = 71.3% and specificity  = 62.2%, cut-off  = 1.95×103/mm3), PDW (AUC = 0.69, sensitivity = 80.1% and specificity = 66.3%, cut-off  = 15.34 %) and haemozoin in the monocytes (AUC = 0.68, sensitivity = 68.2% and specificity = 65.2%, cut-off =5.5 %). Conclusion: RDW, PDW and HCL could be used to predict severe malaria in this setting.

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