European surveillance of severe group A streptococcal disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (35) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Schalén ◽  
Collective Strep-EURO
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Surveillance Programme ◽  
Streptococcal Disease ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Severe Group ◽  
Group A

Strep-EURO, a new European Commission Framework Five (QLK2-CT-2002-01398) surveillance programme for severe group A streptococcal disease (GAS), will be launched on 1 September 2002. The aim of the programme is to enhance understanding of the epidemiology of GAS invasive disease in Europe. Public health institutes from Sweden, Germany, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, Greece, Italy, Finland, Denmark, Romania, and Cyprus will participate.

scholarly journals Increase in scarlet fever notifications in the United Kingdom, 2013/2014

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Guy ◽  
C Williams ◽  
N Irvine ◽  
A Reynolds ◽  
J Coelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Scarlet Fever ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Invasive Group ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Streptococcal Disease ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Group A

Increases in scarlet fever above usual seasonal levels are currently being seen across the United Kingdom. Medical practitioners have been alerted to the exceptional increase in incidence. Given the potential for this to signal a population increase in invasive group A streptococcal disease, close monitoring of invasive disease is essential.

scholarly journals The ParlSpeech V2 data set: Full-text corpora of 6.3 million parliamentary speeches in the key legislative chambers of nine representative democracies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Rauh ◽  
Jan Schwalbach
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Meta Data ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Text Corpora

ParlSpeech V2 contains complete full-text vectors of more than 6.3 million parliamentary speeches in the key legislative chambers of Austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom, covering periods between 21 and 32 years. Meta-data include information on date, speaker, party, and partially agenda item under which a speech was held. This release note provides a more detailed guide to the data.

Recitals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Keussen
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The United Kingdom

Pursuant to Decision 2011/167/EU, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Ireland, Greece, France, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Hungary, Malta, the Netherlands, Austria, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia, Finland, Sweden and the United Kingdom (hereinafter ‘participating Member States’) were authorised to establish enhanced...

scholarly journals Emergence of a New Highly Successful Acapsular Group A Streptococcus Clade of Genotype emm89 in the United Kingdom

mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E. Turner ◽  
James Abbott ◽  
Theresa Lamagni ◽  
Matthew T. G. Holden ◽  
Sophia David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Streptolysin O ◽  
Group A ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid Capsule

ABSTRACTGroup AStreptococcus(GAS) genotypeemm89 is increasingly recognized as a leading cause of disease worldwide, yet factors that underlie the success of thisemmtype are unknown. Surveillance identified a sustained nationwide increase inemm89 invasive GAS disease in the United Kingdom, prompting longitudinal investigation of this genotype. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a recent dramatic shift in theemm89 population with the emergence of a new clade that increased to dominance over previousemm89 variants. Temporal analysis indicated that the clade arose in the early 1990s but abruptly increased in prevalence in 2008, coinciding with an increased incidence ofemm89 infections. Although standard variable typing regions (emmsubtype,teetype,softype, and multilocus sequence typing [MLST]) remained unchanged, uniquely the emergent clade had undergone six distinct regions of homologous recombination across the genome compared to the rest of the sequencedemm89 population. Two of these regions affected known virulence factors, the hyaluronic acid capsule and the toxins NADase and streptolysin O. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to the rest of the sequencedemm89 population, the emergent clade-associated strains were genetically acapsular, rendering them unable to produce the hyaluronic acid capsule. The emergent clade-associated strains had also acquired an NADase/streptolysin O locus nearly identical to that found inemm12 and modernemm1 strains but different from the rest of the sequencedemm89 population. The emergent clade-associated strains had enhanced expression of NADase and streptolysin O. The genome remodeling in the new clade variant and the resultant altered phenotype appear to have conferred a selective advantage over otheremm89 variants and may explain the changes observed inemm89 GAS epidemiology.IMPORTANCESudden upsurges or epidemic waves are common features of group A streptococcal disease. Although the mechanisms behind such changes are largely unknown, they are often associated with an expansion of a single genotype within the population. Using whole-genome sequencing, we investigated a nationwide increase in invasive disease caused by the genotypeemm89 in the United Kingdom. We identified a new clade variant that had recently emerged in theemm89 population after having undergone several core genomic recombination-related changes, two of which affected known virulence factors. An unusual finding of the new variant was the loss of the hyaluronic acid capsule, previously thought to be essential for causing invasive disease. A further genomic adaptation in the NADase/streptolysin O locus resulted in enhanced production of these toxins. Recombination-related genome remodeling is clearly an important mechanism in group AStreptococcusthat can give rise to more successful and potentially more pathogenic variants.

scholarly journals Taxation of passenger motor vehicles with environmental aspect

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Břetislav Andrlík
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Environmental Aspect ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The United Kingdom

The article deals with the issue of taxation of passenger motor vehicles in the Czech Republic and European Union member countries. It focuses on the topic of integrating environmental aspects into taxation systems of passenger motor vehicles with the aim of reducing production and releasing harmful substances into the air. CO2 emissions produced by combustion of hydrocarbon fuels by motor vehicles is described as the most harmful substance, and it is used as an tool for ecological taxation reforms in individual European Union member countries. With regards to taxation, the article deals with mechanisms of registration tax and road tax and defines relation between the two tax mechanisms and their positive and negative aspects. The article briefly defines individual taxation systems of motor vehicles in European Union member countries. In addition, it includes classification of those member countries which use CO2 emission-based registration tax and road tax. The article focuses in detail on road tax systems in Germany, Finnland and the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom became the first member country to apply CO2 emissions-based rates of road tax. The conclusion of the article suggests a discussion over this issue in terms of the Czech Republic and modification of road tax based on reducing CO2 emissions.

Perceived Distributive Fairness of European Transfer Payments and EU-Taxes in Austria, the Czech Republic, and the United Kingdom

2011 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Hartner-Tiefenthaler ◽  
Bettina Kubicek ◽  
Erich Kirchler ◽  
Silvia Rechberger ◽  
Michael Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Distributive Fairness
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