scholarly journals Upsurge in Salmonella Enteritidis outbreaks in England and Wales, September to November 2002

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
S O'Brien ◽  
L Ward ◽  
R Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Late Death ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Death Cases

The biggest change in the epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in England and Wales since the emergence of S. Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4 in the 1980s has occurred during the autumn of 2002 (1,2). Since the beginning of September 2002, 19 outbreaks of S. Enteritidis have been reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre in England (PHLS CDSC), compared with five during the same period in 2001. Almost 1000 people have been affected in these outbreaks, and there have been 10 deaths (all in people with underlying illnesses, and including one late death). Cases in three continuing outbreaks, affecting over 400 people, are distributed nationally. These are outbreaks of S. Enteritidis PT 14b (345 cases), S. Enteritidis PT 56 (31 cases) and S. Enteritidis PT 6d (resistant to ampicillin (Ampr)) (35 cases).

scholarly journals Salmonella Enteritidis in England and Wales: increases in unusual phage types in 2002

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (45) ◽  
Author(s):  
S O’Brien ◽  
L Ward
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Phage Types

Although Salmonella Enteritidis phage type (PT) 4, responsible for the major epidemic during the late 1980s and early 1990s (1), has continued to decline, there have been increases in a number of the more unusual phage types of S. Enteritidis (2). Isolates of S. Enteritidis PT 3, 6a, 13a and 14b and 21 confirmed by the Public Health Laboratory Service Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (PHLS LEP) in England have all increased during 2002 (table 1) (3).

scholarly journals Outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 14b in the United Kingdom - update

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (41) ◽  
Author(s):  
S O'Brien ◽  
L Ward ◽  
I. S.T. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Onset Date ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Foreign Travel ◽  
The United Kingdom

One hundred and thirty four confirmed cases of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 14b (not known to be linked with foreign travel) have been reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre in England (PHLS CDSC) by the PHLS Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (LEP) since 26 September 2002 (1,2). The earliest onset is 3 September 2002 and the latest onset date reported so far is 1 October 2002 (figure). Eight people are known to have been admitted to hospital.

scholarly journals Milkborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease, England and Wales, 1992–2000

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. GILLESPIE ◽  
G. K. ADAK ◽  
S. J. O'BRIEN ◽  
F. J. BOLTON
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Intestinal Disease ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Infectious Intestinal Disease ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk

From 1 January 1992 to 31 December 2000, 27 milkborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease (IID) were reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC). These outbreaks represented a fraction (2%) of all outbreaks of foodborne origin (N=1774) reported to CDSC, but were characterized by significant morbidity. Unpasteurized milk (52%) was the most commonly reported vehicle of infection in milkborne outbreaks, with milk sold as pasteurized accounting for the majority of the rest (37%). Salmonellas (37%), Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157 (33%) and campylobacters (26%) were the most commonly detected pathogens, and most outbreaks were linked to farms (67%). This report highlights the importance of VTEC O157 as a milkborne pathogen and the continued role of unpasteurized milk in human disease.

scholarly journals Temporal cluster of wound botulism in the United Kingdom

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
S O’Brien ◽  
Alasdair Reid ◽  
A C de Benoist
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Wound Botulism ◽  
The Public ◽  
Temporal Cluster ◽  
The United Kingdom

Five clinical cases of wound botulism have been reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre and the Scottish Centre for Infection and Environmental Health since the beginning of February 2002 (1,2).

scholarly journals Public Health Investigation of Salmonella Enteritidis in raw shell eggs in England and Wales

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Mitchell ◽  
C Little ◽  
L Ward ◽  
Susanne Surman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
Shell Eggs ◽  
The Public

In response to a dramatic change in the epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis in England and Wales, thought to be associated with raw shell eggs (1), the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) has initiated an outbreak-related Public Health Investigation (PHI) (2). Raw shell eggs from premises linked to outbreaks of S. Enteritidis, or their sources of supply are examined for Salmonella spp. and isolates are sent to the Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (LEP) for confirmation and typing. The results to date are shown in the table below.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 14b in the United Kingdom – second update

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
Author(s):  
S O’Brien ◽  
L Ward
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
The United Kingdom

The cumulative total of cases of gastroenteritis infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Enteritidis PT 14b (not known to be linked with foreign travel) reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre in England (PHLS CDSC) by the Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens (LEP) since 26 September is now 224 (1). All the outbreak related strains examined so far have similar plasmid profile and pulsed field gel electrophoresis patterns. The dates of onset for confirmed cases reported since 26 September, where available, range from 3 September to 13 October 2002 (figure) and the epidemic curve is consistent with continuing exposure to a source of infection. There have been two deaths.

scholarly journals Latest prevalence data of HIV and hepatitis B and C infections in the UK in 2000 published

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (50) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Leiva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Communicable Disease Report

Transmission of HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C in the United Kingdom (UK) is continuing, according to the latest results from the Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre’s unlinked anonymous prevalence monitoring programme published in the Communicable Disease Report (1-4).

scholarly journals Foodborne general outbreaks of Salmonella Enteritidis phage type 4 infection, England and Wales, 1992–2002: where are the risks?

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. GILLESPIE ◽  
S. J. O'BRIEN ◽  
G. K. ADAK ◽  
L. R. WARD ◽  
H. R. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Foodborne Outbreaks ◽  
Residential Institutions

Foodborne outbreaks of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 4 (PT4) infection (n=497), reported to the Health Protection Agency Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre between 1992 and 2002, were compared with other pathogens (n=1148) to determine factors (season, setting, food vehicles, food safety faults) associated with this pathogen. Logistic regression was applied to control for potential confounding. Foodborne general outbreaks of S. Enteritidis PT4 infection were more likely to occur in the spring and summer, and were more often linked to schools, private residences and residential institutions. Eggs, egg products and the use of raw shell egg were strongly associated with this pathogen. Most outbreaks were linked to cross-contamination and inadequate heat treatment. This paper describes the decline in the S. Enteritidis PT4 epidemic, providing evidence that control measures introduced, e.g. improved biosecurity and vaccination, have worked. Continued surveillance of human and veterinary salmonellosis is essential to detect future problems.

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