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Cureus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manaswinee Mallik ◽  
Abhishek Singhai ◽  
Sagar Khadanga ◽  
Vaibhav Ingle

F1000Research ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 507
Author(s):  
Samantha E. Jacobs ◽  
Panagiotis Zagaliotis ◽  
Thomas J. Walsh

Invasive fungal diseases due to resistant yeasts and molds are an important and increasing public health threat, likely due to a growing population of immunosuppressed hosts, increases in antifungal resistance, and improvements in laboratory diagnostics.  The significant morbidity and mortality associated with these pathogens bespeaks the urgent need for novel safe and effective therapeutics.  This review highlights promising investigational antifungal agents in clinical phases of development: fosmanogepix, ibrexafungerp, rezafungin, encochleated amphotericin B, oteseconazole (VT-1161), VT-1598, PC945, and olorofim.  We discuss three first-in-class members of three novel antifungal classes, as well as new agents within existing antifungal classes with improved safety and tolerability profiles due to enhanced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.


Author(s):  
farnoosh masbough ◽  
Soheil Roshanzamiri ◽  
Mitra Rahimi ◽  
zahra Sahraei ◽  
Peyman Erfan Talab Evini

We present a case of serotonin syndrome due to administration of linezolid in a patient with Methadone addiction. This challenging entity is potentially life threatening but proper education and awareness about serotonin syndrome will improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prevent significant morbidity and mortality.


Author(s):  
Muhammad Zafar Khan ◽  
Afroz Khan ◽  
Dalina Thembisile Mbebe ◽  
John Lambert Bruce ◽  
Wanda Bekker ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
J. Allport ◽  
R. Choudhury ◽  
P. Bruce-Wootton ◽  
M. Reed ◽  
D. Tate ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) causes significant morbidity. Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is the most frequent organism, and the majority are endogenous. Decolonisation reduces PJIs but there is a paucity of evidence comparing treatments. Aims; compare 3 nasal decolonisation treatments at (1) achieving MSSA decolonisation, (2) preventing PJI. Methods Our hospital prospectively collected data on our MSSA decolonisation programme since 2013, including; all MSSA carriers, treatment received, MSSA status at time of surgery and all PJIs. Prior to 2017 MSSA carriers received nasal mupirocin or neomycin, from August 2017 until August 2019 nasal octenidine was used. Results During the study period 15,958 primary hip and knee replacements were performed. 3200 (20.1%) were MSSA positive at preoperative screening and received decolonisation treatment, 698 mupirocin, 1210 neomycin and 1221 octenidine. Mupirocin (89.1%) and neomycin (90.9%) were more effective at decolonisation than octenidine (50.0%, P < 0.0001). There was no difference in PJI rates (P = 0.452). Conclusions Mupirocin and neomycin are more effective than octenidine at MSSA decolonisation. There was poor correlation between the MSSA status after treatment (on day of surgery) and PJI rates. Further research is needed to compare alternative MSSA decolonisation treatments.


Author(s):  
Barry Schlansky ◽  
Khashayar Farsad

AbstractSarcopenia is a major sequela of cirrhosis, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. Advances in body composition analysis using medical imaging have begun to identify changes in skeletal muscle and fat that are prognostic of the impact of sarcopenia on medical outcomes in cirrhosis and other pathologies. Recently, observational studies have shown a correlation between transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation and a reversal of the progressive muscle loss in cirrhosis. This reversal is also associated with improved clinical outcomes and survival. This review summarizes current understanding of cirrhotic sarcopenia, and discusses the implications of TIPS creation in reversing this process.


BMC Genomics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanxian Yang ◽  
Yongqiang Yang ◽  
Mohamed Abd El-Gawad El-Sayed Ahmed ◽  
Mingyang Qin ◽  
Ruowen He ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) causes serious infections with significant morbidity and mortality. However, the epidemiology and transmission mechanisms of CR-hvKP and the corresponding carbapenem-resistant plasmids require further investigation. Herein, we have characterized an ST11 K. pneumoniae strain EBSI041 from the blood sample encoding both hypervirulence and carbapenem resistance phenotypes from a patient in Egypt. Results K. pneumoniae strain EBSI041 showed multidrug-resistance phenotypes, where it was highly resistant to almost all tested antibiotics including carbapenems. And hypervirulence phenotypes of EBSI041 was confirmed by the model of Galleria mellonella infection. Whole-genome sequencing analysis showed that the hybrid plasmid pEBSI041-1 carried a set of virulence factors rmpA, rmpA2, iucABCD and iutA, and six resistance genes aph(3′)-VI, armA, msr(E), mph(E), qnrS, and sul2. Besides, blaOXA-48 and blaSHV-12 were harboured in a novel conjugative IncL-type plasmid pEBSI041-2. The blaKPC-2-carrying plasmid pEBSI041-3, a non-conjugative plasmid lacking the conjugative transfer genes, could be transferred with the help of pEBSI041-2, and the two plasmids could fuse into a new plasmid during co-transfer. Moreover, the emergence of the p16HN-263_KPC-like plasmids is likely due to the integration of pEBSI041-3 and pEBSI041-4 via IS26-mediated rearrangement. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the complete genome sequence of KPC-2- and OXA-48-coproducing hypervirulent K. pneumoniae from Egypt. These results give new insights into the adaptation and evolution of K. pneumoniae during nosocomial infections.


Author(s):  
farnoosh masbough ◽  
Soheil Roshanzamiri ◽  
Mitra Rahimi ◽  
zahra Sahraei ◽  
Peyman Erfan Talab Evini

We present a case of serotonin syndrome due to administration of linezolid in a patient with methadone addiction. This challenging entity is potentially life threatening but proper education and awareness about serotonin syndrome will improve the accuracy of diagnosis and prevent significant morbidity and mortality.


mBio ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Voorhies ◽  
Shirli Cohen ◽  
Terrance P. Shea ◽  
Semar Petrus ◽  
José F. Muñoz ◽  
...  

Histoplasma species are dimorphic fungi causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. These fungi grow as mold in the soil and as budding yeast within the human host. Histoplasma can be isolated from soil in diverse regions, including North America, South America, Africa, and Europe.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Suman H. Kalantri ◽  
Subalakshmi Balasubramanian ◽  
Latha M. Sneha ◽  
Sonam Nisar Poonam

Proptosis in a child often presents as a diagnostic dilemma. Proptosis can be secondary to infection or childhood malignancies. It warrants urgent and relevant investigations to facilitate correct diagnosis and treatment. The common causes of proptosis include infection and malignant lesions. Any delay in intervention in either of the causes can lead to significant morbidity or can impair the vision of the child. An orbital neoplasm in the pediatric age group is an uncommon clinical finding which can initially manifest as proptosis. Here, we report a case of a 2-year-old girl, presenting with progressive swelling of the right eye. An incisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). RMS is an aggressive tumor; hence, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are highly essential to prevent significant morbidity and can save the vision of the child.


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