SOILS AND CULTURAL LAYERS OF VOLGA SETTLEMENTS AS AN ARCHIVE OF INFORMATION ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT EVOLUTION

The Early Pleistocene locality Muhkai 2 was discovered in Central Dagestan, northeastern Caucasus, Russia, in 2006. Archaeological investigations of the site have been directed by Corresponding member of RAS H.A. Amirkhanov (Institute of Archaeology RAS, Moscow). The article presents the results of the study of osteological material from the excavations of 2006–2017. The cultural layers with stone tools and mammal bones are found within stratum of brownish-grey petrified loams with reversed magnetization. We identified 14 large species of mammals, which are indicators for the dating of the faunal assemblage and crucial in identifying the specific characteristics of the natural environment at the time of site formation. Stenon horse and Etruscan wolf dominate the spectrum of species at Muhkai 2. All large mammal species from the site are inhabitants of open and semi-open landscapes and animals indicative of closed biotopes are absent. The biotope appears to have been a dry savannah-steppe with small areas of forest vegetation. The climate at this time was warm and quite arid. Most likely, the animals died here due to natural causes and their carcasses were buried at the bottom of an ancient, slightly saline and shallow, temporary body of water. Data from the theriofauna place the age of the site Muhkai 2 within the chronological range of 2.1–1.77 Mya.

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Darwinian Medicine: We Evolved to Require Continuing Contact with the Microbiota of the Natural Environment. Evolution Turns the Inevitable into a Necessity

Advances in Environmental Microbiology - Microbes: The Foundation Stone of the Biosphere ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-63512-1_18 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 327-364

Author(s):

Graham A. W. Rook

Keyword(s):

Natural Environment ◽

Darwinian Medicine ◽

Environment Evolution

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UPPER PALAEOLITHIC OF MIZOCH UPLAND ON THE MATERIALS OF LYPA I AND LYPA VI SITES: NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, AGE, TECHNIQUE OF FLINT KNAPPING, PRIMEVAL ART

Materials and studies on archaeology of Sub-Carpathian and Volhynian area ◽

10.33402/mdapv.2018-22-23-41 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 23-41

Author(s):

Andriy BOGUCKI ◽

Oleksandr SYTNYK ◽

Olena TOMENIUK ◽

Ruslan KOROPETSKYI

Keyword(s):

Natural Environment ◽

Interdisciplinary Research ◽

Raw Material ◽

Upper Palaeolithic ◽

Mis 3 ◽

History Of Research ◽

Fossil Soil ◽

History Of ◽

Cultural Layers ◽

Definition Of

Upper Palaeolithic sites Lypa I and Lypa VI are situated in the western part of Mizoch Upland, not far from Dubno in Rivne region. These sites were most completely researched by excavations conducted by V. Savych in 1960th. Materials of these investigations were published at scientist's monograph. In 2012 in order to clarify stratigraphy of Palaeolithic site Lypa VI and also to correlate cultural horizons distinguished by V. Savych with other synchronous sites of Sub-Carpathians and Volhynia-Podillia regions field geological-archeological research were carried out. During them series of samples to obtain absolute dates for deposits were taken. According to TL-dates such ages of soils were defined: MIS 2 – loess above Krasylivsubhorizon (15,6±2,1 kyr), Krasylivsubhorizon (15,1±2,1 kyr, 17,8±2,5 kyr), loess under Krasylivsubhorizon (21,4±2,8 kyr), Rivne subhorizon (20,6±3,0 kyr), solifluctional strata above Dubno fossil soil (26,0±3,6 kyr), where the only Upper Palaeolithic artifact was found; MIS 3 – Dubno fossil soil (26,8±3,7 kyr, 26,8±3,7 kyr, 29,0±4,0 kyr, 59,4±8,2 kyr); MIS 4 – laminated strata under Dubnofossil soil (60,2±8,4 kyr, 68,8±9,6 kyr). Unfortunately, it is still not possible to correlate new stratigraphic data and absolute dates obtained for deposits with sections described by V. Savych and cultural layers situated there. History of research, characteristics of stratigraphic sections of Palaeolithic sites Lypa I and Lypa VI, analysis of stone raw-material, interpretation of collections of flint artifacts (by V. Savych), description of bone artifacts, decorations and objects of primeval art are considered consequentially. Existing cultural and chronological interpretations are also presented. Taking into account importance of Upper Palaeolithic sites Lypa I and Lypa VI, the complexity of their stratigraphic interpretation and justification of chronological position of cultural layers distinguished by V. Savychand also issues of definition of “Lypska culture”, the authors affirm the necessity to continue complex interdisciplinary research of these sites.

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Soils and natural environment evolution in southern parts of the East European forest steppes (the case of hill forts located in Kharkov oblast)

Povolzhskaya Arkheologiya (The Volga River Region Archaeology) ◽

10.24852/pa2014.1.7.247.267 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (7) ◽

pp. 247-267

Author(s):

Vladimir Koloda ◽

◽

Yuriy Chendev ◽

Dar’ya Borbukova ◽

Dmitriy Dudin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Environment ◽

East European ◽

European Forest ◽

Environment Evolution

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Random isn't real: How the patchy distribution of ecological rewards may generate “incentive hope”

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18002005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Laurel Symes ◽

Thalia Wheatley

Keyword(s):

Natural Environment ◽

Random Distribution ◽

Spatiotemporal Distribution ◽

Patchy Distribution ◽

Distribution Of Resources

AbstractAnselme & Güntürkün generate exciting new insights by integrating two disparate fields to explain why uncertain rewards produce strong motivational effects. Their conclusions are developed in a framework that assumes a random distribution of resources, uncommon in the natural environment. We argue that, by considering a realistically clumped spatiotemporal distribution of resources, their conclusions will be stronger and more complete.

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Extreme self-sacrifice beyond fusion: Moral expansiveness and the special case of allyship

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001620 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniel Crimston ◽

Matthew J. Hornsey

Keyword(s):

General Theory ◽

Biological Markers ◽

Natural Environment ◽

Relevant Dimension ◽

Special Case

AbstractAs a general theory of extreme self-sacrifice, Whitehouse's article misses one relevant dimension: people's willingness to fight and die in support of entities not bound by biological markers or ancestral kinship (allyship). We discuss research on moral expansiveness, which highlights individuals’ capacity to self-sacrifice for targets that lie outside traditional in-group markers, including racial out-groups, animals, and the natural environment.

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