scholarly journals Discovering Specifications for Unknown Procedures - Work in Progress

10.29007/wkvm ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Craciun ◽  
Chenguang Luo ◽  
Guanhua He ◽  
Shengchao Qin ◽  
Wei-Ngan Chin
Keyword(s):  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Separation Logic ◽  
Automated Verification ◽  
Abductive Inference ◽  
Program Understanding ◽  
Inference Mechanism ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
Partial Specification ◽  
Complete Specification

We study automated verification of pointer safety for heap-manipulating imperative programs with unknown procedure calls or code pointers. Given the specification of a procedure whose body contains calls to an unknown procedure, we try to infer the possible specifications for the unknown procedure from its calling contexts. We employ a forward shape analysis with separation logic and an abductive inference mechanism to synthesize both pre- and postconditions for the unknown procedure. The inferred specification is a partial specification of the unknown procedure. Therefore it is subject to a later verification when the code or the complete specification for the unknown procedure are available. Our inferred specifications can also be used for program understanding.

scholarly journals Automated verification of shape, size and bag properties via user-defined predicates in separation logic

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1006-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ngan Chin ◽  
Cristina David ◽  
Huu Hai Nguyen ◽  
Shengchao Qin
Keyword(s):  
Separation Logic ◽  
Automated Verification

scholarly journals GERIAUSIO PAAIŠKINIMO IŠVEDIMAS. TARP DEDUKCIJOS, INDUKCIJOS IR ABDUKCIJOS

Problemos ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 150-161
Author(s):  
Adolfas Mackonis
Keyword(s):  
Inductive Inference ◽  
Abductive Inference ◽  
Deductive Inference ◽  
Inference Mechanism ◽  
Absolute Truth ◽  
True Conclusion ◽  
Scientific Hypotheses

Geriausio paaiškinimo išvedimas (GPI) išskiriamas kaip pagrindinė mokslo hipotezes ir teorijas atrandanti ir pagrindžianti samprotavimo forma. Straipsnyje tiriamas GPI ir jo santykis su pagrindinėmis samprotavimo rūšimis: dedukcija, indukcija ir abdukcija. GPI pasižymi abdukcijos samprotavimo mechanizmu, tačiau, priešingai nei abdukcija, GPI teikia ne galimą, bet esą teisingą išvadą. GPI yra induktyvus plačiąja prasme samprotavimas, nes jis nepatenkina dedukcijos taisyklių ir jo išvadai nepakanka duomenų. Straipsnyje teigiama, jog nepaisant pastarųjų GPI ypatumų, kurie rodo, kad GPI nėra ir negali būti deduktyviu samprotavimu, GPI reiškia pretenzijas į savo išvados absoliutų teisingumą, t. y. tvirtinamas kone deduktyvus GPI išvados pagrįstumas.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: geriausio paaiškinimo išvedimas, dedukcija, indukcija, abdukcija.Inference to the Best Explanation. Among Deduction, Induction and AbductionAdolfas Mackonis   SummaryInference to the best explanation (IBE) is considered to be the main means of discovery and justification of scientific hypotheses and theories. The article investigates this inference and its relationship to the main kinds of inference: deduction, induction and abduction. IBE has an abductive inference mechanism, but, contrary to abduction, infers not a possible, but a true conclusion. IBE is an inductive inference, because it is underdetermined by the rules of deduction and by evidence. The article claims that despite its abductive and inductive features which demonstrate that it is not and cannot be deductive inference, IBE nevertheless makes pretense to an absolute truth of its inference, i.e. claims for an almost deductive validity.Keywords: inference to the best explanation, deduction, induction, abduction.px;"> 

scholarly journals Data-driven abductive inference of library specifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (OOPSLA) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhou ◽  
Robert Dickerson ◽  
Benjamin Delaware ◽  
Suresh Jagannathan
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Abductive Inference ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Inference Mechanism ◽  
Modular Verification ◽  
Specification Inference ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Client Side ◽  
Client Program

Programmers often leverage data structure libraries that provide useful and reusable abstractions. Modular verification of programs that make use of these libraries naturally rely on specifications that capture important properties about how the library expects these data structures to be accessed and manipulated. However, these specifications are often missing or incomplete, making it hard for clients to be confident they are using the library safely. When library source code is also unavailable, as is often the case, the challenge to infer meaningful specifications is further exacerbated. In this paper, we present a novel data-driven abductive inference mechanism that infers specifications for library methods sufficient to enable verification of the library's clients. Our technique combines a data-driven learning-based framework to postulate candidate specifications, along with SMT-provided counterexamples to refine these candidates, taking special care to prevent generating specifications that overfit to sampled tests. The resulting specifications form a minimal set of requirements on the behavior of library implementations that ensures safety of a particular client program. Our solution thus provides a new multi-abduction procedure for precise specification inference of data structure libraries guided by client-side verification tasks. Experimental results on a wide range of realistic OCaml data structure programs demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

Meridional Circulation, Turbulence, and Diffusion Processes in Stars

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vauclair
Keyword(s):  
Convection Zone ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
Diffusion Time ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
First Results ◽  
Stellar Envelopes ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Turbulence And Diffusion ◽  
Hr Diagram

This paper gives the first results of a work in progress, in collaboration with G. Michaud and G. Vauclair. It is a first attempt to compute the effects of meridional circulation and turbulence on diffusion processes in stellar envelopes. Computations have been made for a 2 Mʘstar, which lies in the Am - δ Scuti region of the HR diagram.Let us recall that in Am stars diffusion cannot occur between the two outer convection zones, contrary to what was assumed by Watson (1970, 1971) and Smith (1971), since they are linked by overshooting (Latour, 1972; Toomre et al., 1975). But diffusion may occur at the bottom of the second convection zone. According to Vauclair et al. (1974), the second convection zone, due to He II ionization, disappears after a time equal to the helium diffusion time, and then diffusion may happen at the bottom of the first convection zone, so that the arguments by Watson and Smith are preserved.

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