PENGGUNAAN AIR SUPER KRITIS PADA DEPOLIMERISASI NYLON-12 (BATCH PROCESS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Yusman
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Chemical Recycling ◽  
Water Decomposition ◽  
Product Distributions ◽  
New Process ◽  
Nylon 12

Water at the supercritical state is a new process for the chemical recycling. At this thermodynamic state i.e. Pc = 218 atmospheres and Tc = 374oC , water behaves very differently from its everyday temperament and it is a very good solvent for organic components. Experimental studies show that supercritical water can decompose hydrocarbons/polymers and produce useful products like 2-Azacyclotridecanone /lactam-1 from Nylon-12 (batch process). The decomposition process itself was carried out in batch reaction system in order to get more information about product distributions, time dependence, and scale-up possibilities.Keywords: supercritical water, decomposition, batch, polymer, hydrocarbon

Application of parametric sensitivity to batch process safety: Theoretical and experimental studies

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Alós ◽  
Jose M. Zaldívar ◽  
Fernanda Strozzi ◽  
Rosa Nomen ◽  
Julià Sempere
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Process Safety ◽  
Parametric Sensitivity

Rapid determination of products of phenol hydrogenation in a supercritical water system using headspace gas chromatography

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Qing Guan ◽  
Xiao-Dian Huang ◽  
Yan-Hua Zeng ◽  
Chao-Hai Wei ◽  
Ping Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Headspace Analysis ◽  
Water System ◽  
Anhydrous Calcium Chloride ◽  
Crystal Water ◽  
Phenol Hydrogenation ◽  
Relative Standard

AbstractThis paper reports a headspace analysis technique for the determination of products, i.e., cyclohexanone (CE) and cyclohexanol (CL), of phenol hydrogenation in a supercritical water reaction system (SWRS) with water removal by hydrate formation. An addition of anhydrous calcium chloride leads to water absorption resulting in crystal water; thus, the samples can be quantitatively measured without the influence of water. After achieving equilibrium at 150­°C and maintaining it for 5 min, the obtained results showed a relative standard deviation of less than 5.3 % and the recovery ranged from 93 % to 104 %. The presented method is simple and accurate for the analysis of CL, CE and phenol in samples from phenol conversion in SWRS.

The Material Removal Mechanism in Magnetic Fluid Grinding of Ceramic Ball Bearings

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
T H C Childs ◽  
S Mahmood ◽  
H J Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fluid ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Wear Coefficient ◽  
Rotating Shaft ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Kinematic Theory ◽  
New Process ◽  
A Cell

Recently a new process known as magnetic fluid grinding has been developed in Japan which can remove material in the finishing of ceramic balls some fifty times more rapidly than can the lapping processes that are conventionally used. Balls are driven round a cell by a rotating shaft in an arrangement similar to a thrust race but submerged in a magnetic fluid placed above permanent magnets. The magnets and fluid create buoyancy forces that levitate grinding grits in the fluid and also provide the loads for the process, but it is not clear why the process is more effective than lapping. This paper reports on experimental studies of the grinding rates of silicon nitride balls in magnetic fluids loaded with diamond grits and of the motion of the balls through the fluids. The high removal rates occur when skidding occurs between the balls and drive shaft. A kinematic theory is developed to calculate sliding speeds and is used to deduce an abrasive wear coefficient for the process of 0.07 ± 0.02, indicative of two-body abrasion. The high removal rates are a consequence of the large sliding speeds that can be developed, of several metres per second.

Downscaling a supercritical water loop for experimental studies on system stability

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rohde ◽  
C.P. Marcel ◽  
C. T’Joen ◽  
A.G. Class ◽  
T.H.J.J. van der Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
System Stability

A Review on Flow Regime Transition in Bubble Columns

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashfaq Shaikh ◽  
Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Flow Regimes ◽  
Bubble Columns ◽  
Linear Stability Theory ◽  
Regime Transition ◽  
Flow Regime Transition

Due to varied flow behavior, the demarcation of hydrodynamic flow regimes is an important task in the design and scale-up of bubble column reactors. This article reviews most hydrodynamic studies performed for flow regime identification in bubble columns. It begins with a brief introduction to various flow regimes. The second section examines experimental methods for measurement of flow regime transition. A few experimental studies are presented in detail, followed by the effect of operating and design conditions on flow regime transition. A table summarizes the reported experimental studies, along with their operating and design conditions and significant conclusions. The next section deals with the current state of transition prediction, and includes purely empirical correlations, semi-empirical models, linear stability theory, and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based studies.

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