scholarly journals Implementation of Playfair Cipher and Least Significant Bit Algorithms in Digital Imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-461
Author(s):  
Hermansa ◽  
Rusydi Umar ◽  
Anton Yudhana
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Digital Imagery ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right To Read

Message security is very important now. Because security is part of the privacy of someone who wants to protect messages from those who do not have the right to read or receive them. The method used for securing information messages with message encryption and decryption techniques is the Playfair Cipher algorithm combined with the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method. In this study it was found that the Playfair Cipher algorithm is quite safe in implementing cryptographic encryption or ciphertext because the playfair cipher has a level of appearance of letters that is so difficult to predict so that the ciphertext becomes a randomized collection of data. For the Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography method in the insertion of a secret or embedded message it is difficult to guess in plain view the changes that occur between before and after the image is inserted are not too significant. Also see the value of the Peak-Signal-to-Noise ratio or PSNR can still be considered good quality due to> 30 decibels (dB). So the final result of the combination of the Playfair Cipher algorithm with the Least Significant Bit (LSB) method is quite good in securing messages.

Speech in noise testing before and after grommet insertion

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (10) ◽  
pp. 1010-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Possamai ◽  
G Kirk ◽  
A Scott ◽  
D Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Noise Test ◽  
Noise Ratio

AbstractObjectives:To assess the feasibility of designing and implementing a speech in noise test in children before and after grommet insertion, and to analyse the results of such a test in a small group of children.Methods:Twelve children aged six to nine years who were scheduled to undergo grommet insertion were identified. They underwent speech in noise testing before and after grommet insertion. This testing used Arthur Boothroyd word lists read at 60 dB in four listening conditions presented in a sound field: firstly in quiet conditions, then in signal to noise ratios of +10 (50 dB background noise), 0 (60 dB) and −10 (70 dB).Results:Mean phoneme scores were: in quiet conditions, 28.1 pre- and 30 post-operatively (p = 0.04); in 50 dB background noise (signal to noise ratio +10), 24.2 pre- and 29 post-operatively (p < 0.01); in 60 dB background noise (signal to noise ratio 0), 22.6 pre- and 27.5 post-operatively (p = 0.06); and in 70 dB background noise (signal to noise ratio −10), 13.9 pre- and 21 post-operatively (p = 0.05).Conclusion:This small study suggests that speech in noise testing is feasible in this scenario. Our small group of children demonstrated a significant improvement in speech in noise scores following grommet insertion. This is likely to translate into a significant advantage in the educational environment.

Letters: Television signal-to-noise ratio before and after demodulation

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
D. Maurice ◽  
J.W. Allnatt ◽  
George H. Hagn ◽  
B.W. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Television Signal ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Noise Ratio

Study on Encryption and Decryption Algorithm and its Matlab Realization

2011 ◽  
Vol 282-283 ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
Yong Song Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Inverse Transformation ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Dct Transform ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Chaotic Model ◽  
Encryption And Decryption ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Carrier Image

The paper studies the process of how to encrypt images through Logistic chaotic model, how to use DCT transform to hide the encrytion image in the carrier image and how to restore the images through DCT inverse transformation, analyzes the peak signal-to-noise ratio and realizes the whole process through Matlab.

Study of the Stability of 4H-SiC Detectors by Thermal Neutron Irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 821-823 ◽  
pp. 875-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Issa ◽  
Laurent Ottaviani ◽  
Vanessa Vervisch ◽  
Dora Szalkai ◽  
Ludo Vermeeren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Neutron ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Pulse Height ◽  
Semiconductor Detectors ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Metallic Contact ◽  
Thermal Neutron Irradiation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Noise Ratio

Two types of 4H-SiC semiconductor detectors (D1 and D2) are realized based on ion implantation of 10B inside the aluminum metallic contact. The first detector shows a high leakage current after 10B implantation and low signal to noise ratio. However, improvements concerning the implantation parameters led to lower leakage current and thus to higher signal to noise ratio. Moreover such detectors show their stability under different thermal neutron fluxes showing the reproducible features of the pulse height spectra and same electrical behaviour before and after irradiation.

scholarly journals Skema Penyembunyian Data pada Gambar Berbasis Interpolasi Kubik B-Spline Menggunakan Metode Least Significant Bit (LSB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Garno Garno ◽  
Riza Ibnu Adam
Keyword(s):  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Image Interpolation ◽  
Cover Image ◽  
Original Image ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
B Spline ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Noise Ratio

Maraknya kasus pencurian data menyebabkan sistem keamanan pesan harus ditingkatkan. Salah satu cara untuk mengamankan pesan adalah dengan memasukkan pesan ke dalam gambar digital. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas gambar digital dalam sistem keamanan pesan tersembunyi. Teknik yang digunakan untuk keamanan pesan adalah steganografi. Cover image akan dikonversi menjadi bit piksel dalam domain spasial. Cover image digunakan dalam bentuk gambar digital dengan format .jpg. Teknik meningkatkan kualitas dan kapasitas gambar digital dilakukan dengan menambahkan dan meningkatkan bit piksel menggunakan metode interpolasi Cubik B-Spline. Cover image yang telah di interpolasi, kemudian disisipi pesan menggunakan metode least significant bit (LSB) untuk memperoleh stegoimage. Pesan yang diselipkan berbentuk file .doc, .docx, .pdf, .xls, .rar, .iso dan .zip dengan ukuran berbeda-beda kapasitasnya. Teknik uji dibuat dengan bantuan perangkat lunak MATLAB versi 2017a. Penelitian melakukan uji dengan mengukur nilai kualitas penyamaran dari stegoimage menggunakan Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) dengan rata-rata perolehan stegoimage terhadap Original image 29.06 dB dan stegoimage terhadap Image interpolation 64.34 dB dan uji mean squared error (MSE) dengan rata-rata perolehan 97.54 dB pada Image interpolation terhadap original image dan 97.55 dB pada stegoimage terhadap original image, 0.13 dB nilai MSE stegoimage terhadap Image interpolation. Hasil uji pada penelitian dengan proses interpolasi pada coverimage dengan Cubic B-Spline mempengaruhi terhadap nilai samar atau Nilai PSNR.

scholarly journals Steganographic Techniques Using Modified Least Significant Bit and Modification Reshape Transposition Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Guntoro Barovih ◽  
Fadhila Tangguh Admojo ◽  
Yoda Hersaputra
Keyword(s):  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Lossless Compression ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Least Significant Bit ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Image File ◽  
Modification Technique ◽  
Noise Ratio

A message is a form of conveying information. Various ways are used to secure the information conveyed in the form of messages either in encrypted form or in the form of applying a password in the message. Messages can also be encrypted and embedded in other media such as images (steganography). This research aimed to insert a message into the form of an image by combining the Modified Least Significant Bit (MLSB) method in encrypting messages and reshape modification technique to determine at which position the message encryption will be embedded in the image. Tests were carried out to obtain the quality of the encryption process using the parameters of Fidelity, mean square error, peak signal to noise ratio, testing on file type, robustness, and comparison of message contents. The results of the tests showed that the files that can be used are files with the image file type in the lossless compression category, the rotation can be done at 90, 180, 270 without destroying the message in it, and changing the pixel in the image file will destroy the message inside

scholarly journals Effect of Vitiligo on Auditory Functions: Is There Any Association?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Singh ◽  
Trilok C. Guleria ◽  
Ramesh K. Azad ◽  
Narender K. Mohindroo ◽  
Devraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pure Tone ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Cochlear Function ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary disorder of unknown etiology, clinically characterized by whitish macules caused by selective loss of melanocytes. There are many melanocytes in the human cochlea. Recent studies have suggested a direct relation between cochlear dysfunction and decreased amounts of melanin. Objective To determine the effect of vitiligo on auditory function. Methods The present prospective, case control study was performed over a period of 1 year in patients between 15 and 40 years old with nonsegmental disease and the same number of controls. Pure tone audiometry (PTA) and Otoacoustic emission (OAE) were performed to analyze the correlation between vitiligo and auditory function. Results The mean pure tone audiometric threshold in the right ear at 0.5, 8 kHz, and in the left ear at the frequency of 8 kHz in the case group were significantly higher as compared with controls. The average band reproducibility (%) in the right and left ear of controls was significantly higher at the frequency of 4 kHz as compared with cases. It has been observed that signal to noise ratio was statistically higher at the frequency of 5kHz in the right ear and at 2, 3, and 5kHz in the left ear in controls as compared with cases. On the basis of disease type and duration of disease; mean pure tone audiometric threshold, average band reproducibility and signal to noise ratio, no significant effect was observed in the present study. Conclusion Vitiligo has an effect on cochlear function irrespective of the duration or distribution of the disease.

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