Treatment failure of pentavalent antimonial therapy for human visceral leishmaniasis: a meta-analysis

AbstractThe escalating burden of diabetes is increasing the risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB) and has a pervasive impact on TB treatment outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the burden of diabetes among TB patients and assess its impact on TB treatment in South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and CINAHL databases were systematically searched for observational (cross-sectional, case–control and cohort) studies that reported prevalence of diabetes in TB patients and published between 1 January 1980 and 30 July 2020. A random-effect model for computing the pooled prevalence of diabetes and a fixed-effect model for assessing its impact on TB treatment were used. The review was registered with PROSPERO number CRD42020167896. Of the 3463 identified studies, a total of 74 studies (47 studies from India, 10 from Pakistan, four from Nepal and two from both Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka) were included in this systematic review: 65 studies for the prevalence of diabetes among TB patients and nine studies for the impact of diabetes on TB treatment outcomes. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in TB patients was 21% (95% CI 18.0, 23.0; I2 98.3%), varying from 11% in Bangladesh to 24% in Sri-Lanka. The prevalence was higher in studies having a sample size less than 300 (23%, 95% CI 18.0, 27.0), studies conducted in adults (21%, 95% CI 18.0, 23.0) and countries with high TB burden (21%, 95% CI 19.0, 24.0). Publication bias was detected based on the graphic asymmetry of the funnel plot and Egger’s test (p < 0.001). Compared with non-diabetic TB patients, patients with TB and diabetes were associated with higher odds of mortality (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.7; 95% CI 1.2, 2.51; I2 19.4%) and treatment failure (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1, 2.4; I2 49.6%), but not associated with Multi-drug resistant TB (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.6, 1.7; I2 40.7%). This study found a high burden of diabetes among TB patients in South Asia. Patients with TB-diabetes were at higher risk of treatment failure and mortality compared to TB alone. Screening for diabetes among TB patients along with planning and implementation of preventive and curative strategies for both TB and diabetes are urgently needed.

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321 Role of Antibiotics in Acute uncomplicated diverticulitis, A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab134.404 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

A A Tahir ◽

K M Ali ◽

A U Khan ◽

S Kamal ◽

A Hussain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Treatment Failure ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dietary Advice ◽

Duration Of Hospital Stay ◽

Uncomplicated Diverticulitis ◽

Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis

Abstract Introduction Diverticular disease is a common health problem with a wide clinical spectrum. About 75% of the patients would have uncomplicated diverticulitis. Cornerstones of treatment are antibiotics, analgesia, and dietary advice. Recent evidence has shown that its treatment is controversial, questioning the use of antibiotics. Aim is to assess the role of antibiotics in the treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis. Method This is a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Literature review of the available studies was conducted using search engines like Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. Statistical analysis was conducted using RevMan5.4. Results Out of 1754 records 1324 were duplicates, 430 studies were screened. 395 were further excluded.35 full text articles were assessed and in the final review 10 studies were included. PRISMA guidelines were used. Pooled OR for recurrence = 0.92 (95% CI = 0.74 to 1.13). Pooled OR for Hospital stay= -0.66 (95% CI= -1.12 to -0.21). Pooled OR for complications = 1.06 (95% CI = 0.69 to 1.64). Pooled OR for treatment failure= 1.24 (95% CI = 0.90-1.69). Conclusions We conclude that from the available evidence antibiotics have no role in reducing recurrence, complications, treatment failure, and duration of hospital stay in acute uncomplicated diverticulitis.

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Designing of a Novel Fusion Protein Vaccine Candidate Against Human Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) Using Immunoinformatics and Structural Approaches

International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics ◽

10.1007/s10989-021-10218-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Atapour ◽

Farideh Ghalamfarsa ◽

Samaneh Naderi ◽

Gholamreza Hatam

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Fusion Protein ◽

Vaccine Candidate ◽

Protein Vaccine ◽

Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

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Dispersal of Lutzomyia longipalpis and expansion of canine and human visceral leishmaniasis in São Paulo State, Brazil

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.09.014 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 164 ◽

pp. 233-242 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Agda Maria Oliveira ◽

Carolina Portugal Vieira ◽

Margareth Regina Dibo ◽

Marluci Monteiro Guirado ◽

Lilian Aparecida Colebrusco Rodas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Lutzomyia Longipalpis ◽

São Paulo ◽

Paulo State ◽

Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

São Paulo State

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Rheumatoid Factor and Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody in Human Visceral Leishmaniasis

JCR Journal of Clinical Rheumatology ◽

10.1097/01.rhu.0000217150.67064.e5 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S7

Author(s):

A M. Atta ◽

E M. Carvalho ◽

S M. Jer??nimo ◽

M L. B. Sousa Atta

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Rheumatoid Factor ◽

Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide ◽

Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Peptide Antibody ◽

Citrullinated Peptide

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Trypanosoma cruzi: identification of specific epimastigote antigens by human immune sera

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz ◽

10.1590/s0074-02761989000300004 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 309-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. G. Morgado ◽

J. Ivo-dos-Santos ◽

R. T. Pinho ◽

E. Argüelles ◽

J. M. Rezende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Western Blot ◽

Chagas Disease ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Cross Reaction ◽

The Other ◽

Molecular Weights ◽

Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Human Immune

Soluble antigens from epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi were analyzed by western blot in terms of their reactivity with sera from patients with Chagas' disease. In addition, sera from patients with visceral (AVL) and tegumentar leishmaniasis (ATL) were also tested in order to identify cross-reactivities with Trypanosoma cruzy antigens. Twenty eight polypeptides with molecular weights ranging from 14 kDa to 113 kDa were identified with sera from Chagas' disease patients. An extensive cross-reactivity was observed when sera from human visceral leishmaniasis were used, while only a slight cross-reaction was observed with sera from tegumentar leishmaniasis. On the other hand, 10 polypeptidesspecifically reacting with sera from Chagas' disease patients were identified. Among them, the antigens with molecular weights of 46 kDa and 25 kDa reacted with all sera teste and may be good candidates for specific immunodiagnosis of Chagas' disease.

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