Harmonic maps and the Einstein equation

Author(s):  
Sumio Yamada
2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2135-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Lo

General relativity is incomplete since it does not include the gravitational radiation reaction force and the interaction of gravitation with charged particles. General relativity is confusing because Einstein's covariance principle is invalid in physics. Moreover, there is no bounded dynamic solution for the Einstein equation. Thus, Gullstrand is right and the 1993 Nobel Prize for Physics press release is incorrect. Moreover, awards to Christodoulou reflect the blind faith toward Einstein and accumulated errors in mathematics. Note that the Einstein equation with an electromagnetic wave source has no valid solution unless a photonic energy-stress tensor with an anti-gravitational coupling is added. Thus, the photonic energy includes gravitational energy. The existence of anti-gravity coupling implies that the energy conditions in space-time singularity theorems of Hawking and Penrose cannot be satisfied, and thus are irrelevant. Also, the positive mass theorem of Yau and Schoen is misleading, though considered as an achievement by the Fields Medal. E = mc2 is invalid for the electromagnetic energy alone. The discovery of the charge-mass interaction establishes the need for unification of electromagnetism and gravitation and would explain many puzzles. Experimental investigations for further results are important.


2016 ◽  
pp. 4422-4429
Author(s):  
C. Y. Lo

It is exciting that the gravitational wave has been confirmed, according to the announcement of LIGO. This would be the time to fix the Einstein equation for the gravitational wave and the nonexistence of the dynamic solution. As a first step, theorists should improve their pure mathematics on non-linear mathematics and related physical considerations beyond Einstein. Then, it is time to rectify the Einstein equation that has no gravitational wave solution which Einstein has recognized, and no dynamic solution that Einstein failed to see. A problem is that physicists in LIGO did not know their shortcomings. Also, in view of the far distance of the sources, it is very questionable that the physicists can determine they are from black holes. Moreover, since the repulsive gravitation can also generate a gravitational wave, the problem of gravitational wave is actually far more complicated than we have known. A useful feature of the gravitational wave based on repulsive gravitation is that it can be easily generated on earth. Thus this can be a new tool for communication because it can penetrate any medium.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Robert Ream

AbstractIn this paper we study an analog of minimal surfaces called Weyl-minimal surfaces in conformal manifolds with a Weyl connection (M4, c, D). We show that there is an Eells-Salamon type correspondence between nonvertical 𝒥-holomorphic curves in the weightless twistor space and branched Weyl-minimal surfaces. When (M, c, J) is conformally almost-Hermitian, there is a canonical Weyl connection. We show that for the canonical Weyl connection, branched Weyl-minimal surfaces satisfy the adjunction inequality\chi \left( {{T_f}\sum } \right) + \chi \left( {{N_f}\sum } \right) \le \pm {c_1}\left( {f*{T^{\left( {1,0} \right)}}M} \right).The ±J-holomorphic curves are automatically Weyl-minimal and satisfy the corresponding equality. These results generalize results of Eells-Salamon and Webster for minimal surfaces in Kähler 4-manifolds as well as their extension to almost-Kähler 4-manifolds by Chen-Tian, Ville, and Ma.


2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (16) ◽  
pp. 3444-3456
Author(s):  
Stephen Ingram ◽  
Grazia Rovelli ◽  
Young-Chul Song ◽  
David Topping ◽  
Cari S. Dutcher ◽  
...  

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