scholarly journals Calculation of Stopping Power and Range of Nitrogen Ions with the Skin Tissue in the Energies of (1-1000) MeV

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Saad Nafea Yaqoob ◽  
Bashair Mohammed Saied
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
Collateral Damage ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Nitrogen Ions ◽  
Semi Empirical

       The use of heavy ions in the treatment of cancer tumors allows for accurate radiation of the tumor with minimal collateral damage that may affect the healthy tissue surrounding the infected tissue. For this purpose, the stopping power and the range to which these particles achieved of  Nitrogen (N) in the skin tissue  were calculated by programs SRIM (The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter),(SRIM Dictionary) [1],(CaSP)(Convolution  approximation for Swift Particles )[2]which are famous programs to calculate stopping power of material and Bethe formula , in the energy range (1 - 1000) MeV .Then  the semi - empirical formulas to calculate the stopping power and range of Nitrogen ions in the skin tissue were founded from fitting for average the values which calculated by using these programs using (MATLAB2016) program,the maximum value of energy for Nitrogen ions can lose along its path in skin tissue is founded and the  range correspond to this value, the maximum range for Nitrogen ions can be reached in the skin tissue is founded too .The importance of the research is to know the data of thes particles and their use in treatment without causing a bad effect on the patient.  

CHANNELING IN GOLD

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1947-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Whitton
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
Constant Velocity ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Stopping Power ◽  
Vibrational Amplitude ◽  
Interstitial Diffusion ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Electronic Stopping Power ◽  
Depth Distributions

The penetration of radioactive 133Xe and 198Au ions into oriented monocrystals of gold has been measured in the energy range 20 to 80 keV using an electrochemical sectioning technique. Channeling along low index directions was observed to increase in the order [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], in agreement with theory and with the previous experimentally determined order in other f.c.c. lattices such as copper and aluminium. Two distinct differences in the channeling behavior of ions in gold compared to tungsten are noted: (1) a much smaller fraction of the incident ions remains channeled and (2) the maximum range of the channeled ions is much larger than in tungsten. These differences in behavior are ascribed to the increased multiple scattering due to the higher r.m.s. vibrational amplitude and the lower electronic stopping power in gold. "Supertails" (interstitial diffusion processes) have not been observed. Depth distributions of various other ions at a constant velocity show essentially no dependence on mass.

Semi-Empirical LET Descriptions of Heavy Ions Used in the European Component Irradiation Facilities

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1946-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arto Javanainen ◽  
Wladyslaw Henryk Trzaska ◽  
Reno Harboe-Sørensen ◽  
Ari Virtanen ◽  
Guy Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Irradiation Facilities

Semi-Empirical Crest Distributions of Long-Crest Nonlinear Waves of Three-Hour Duration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenjia (Jerry) Huang ◽  
Qiuchen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Wave ◽  
Wave Height ◽  
Model Test ◽  
Significant Wave Height ◽  
Spectral Peak ◽  
Wave Crest ◽  
Empirical Formulas ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Significant Wave ◽  
Semi Empirical

In wave basin model test of an offshore structure, waves that represent the given sea states have to be generated, qualified and accepted for the model test. For seakeeping and stationkeeping model tests, we normally accept waves in wave calibration tests if the significant wave height, spectral peak period and spectrum match the specified target values. However, for model tests where the responses depend highly on the local wave motions (wave elevation and kinematics) such as wave impact, green water impact on deck and air gap tests, additional qualification checks may be required. For instance, we may need to check wave crest probability distributions to avoid unrealistic wave crest in the test. To date, acceptance criteria of wave crest distribution calibration tests of large and steep waves of three-hour duration (full scale) have not been established. The purpose of the work presented in the paper is to provide a semi-empirical nonlinear wave crest distribution of three-hour duration for practical use, i.e. as an acceptance criterion for wave calibration tests. The semi-empirical formulas proposed in this paper were developed through regression analysis of a large number of fully nonlinear wave crest distributions. Wave time series from potential flow simulations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and model test results were used to establish the probability distribution. The wave simulations were performed for three-hour duration assuming that they were long-crested. The sea states are assumed to be represented by JONSWAP spectrum, where a wide range of significant wave height, peak period, spectral peak parameter, and water depth were considered. Coefficients of the proposed semi-empirical formulas, comparisons among crest distributions from wave calibration tests, numerical simulations and the semi-empirical formulas are presented in this paper.

Stopping power of heavy ions in solids: A comparative study

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Sharma ◽  
Shyam Kumar ◽  
J.S. Yadav ◽  
A.P. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Stopping Power
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