scholarly journals The effectiveness of two brushing systems for post harvest disinfestation of kiwifruit

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 259-263
Author(s):  
P.S. Stevens ◽  
C.E. McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Mite Species ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Surface Dwelling ◽  
Armoured Scale Insects ◽  
Handling Methods ◽  
Anystis Baccarum

The presence of some insect and mite species on kiwifruit at harvest can cause quarantine problems in some overseas markets There is potential to remove these passenger pests using physical handling methods such as the fruit brushing systems that are currently used in packhouses The abilities of two types of post harvest brushing systems to remove surface dwelling insects and mites from kiwifruit were compared Bins of naturally infested fruit were passed through two contrasting post harvest brushing systems and levels of infestations subsequently compared with unbrushed fruit Both brushing systems removed more than 85 of Collembola thrips mites and small beetles However armoured scale insects were not removed and a relatively low proportion of whirlygig mite (Anystis baccarum) cocoons was removed There were no significant differences between the two brushing systems

Introduction of armoured scale predators and establishment of the predatory miteHemisarcoptes coccophagus(Acari: Hemisarcoptidae) on latania scale,Hemiberlesia lataniae(Homoptera: Diaspididae) in kiwifruit shelter trees in New Zealand

1993 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Hill ◽  
D. J. Allan ◽  
R. C. Henderson ◽  
J. G. Charles
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mite Species ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Dispersion Characteristics ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Aspidiotus Nerii ◽  
Armoured Scale Insects ◽  
Lombardy Poplar

AbstractBetween 1987 and 1989, three predatory beetle species (Chilocorus bipustulatus(Linnaeus),C. infernalis(Linnaeus) andC. cacti(Linnaeus)) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and two predatory mite species (Hemisarcoptes coccophagusMeyer andH. cooremaniThomas) were imported and released for the biological control of armoured scale insects (Hemiberlesia rapaxComstock,H. lataniaeSignoret andAspidiotus nerii Bouché) on kiwifruit and shelter trees in New Zealand.Hemisarcoptes coccophagushas established onHemiberlesia lataniaeinfestations on Lombardy poplar (Populus nigravar. Italica) shelter trees at three sites. Detailed studies at one of the release sites over a period spanning nine to 24 months after release, showed that densities ofHemiberlesia lataniaein samples with mites fell to less than 20% of the level in control trees. Assessment of the dispersion characteristics of the mite suggested that the adults are repelled by the presence of other mites on a host.Hemisarcoptes coccophaguscan use two species of New Zealand ladybirds (Scymnus fagusBroun andHalmus chalybeusBoisduval) for phoresy.Hemisarcoptes coccophagusspread naturally to the control trees between 20 and 24 months after release, though the means of dispersal between trees is not known.

scholarly journals A mutualism without honeydew: what benefits forMelissotarsus emeryiants and armored scale insects (Diaspididae)?

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Peeters ◽  
Imre Foldi ◽  
Danièle Matile-Ferrero ◽  
Brian L. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Building Material ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Host Tree ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Armored Scale ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Armoured Scale Insects ◽  
Harmful Effects

Mutualisms between ants and sap-sucking insects generally involve clear benefits for both partners: the ants provide protection in exchange for honeydew. However, a single ant genus associates with armoured scale insects (Diaspididae) that do not excrete honeydew. We studied three colonies ofMelissotarsus emeryiants from two localities in Mozambique. Vast numbers of the diaspididMorganella conspicuaoccupied galleries dug by the ants under the bark of living trees. Unlike free-livingM. conspicuaand other diaspidids,M. conspicualiving with ants are known to lack shields, likely because they gain protection against enemies and desiccation. Nevertheless, we documented the occurrence of rare individuals with shields inside ant galleries, indicating that their glands continue to secrete wax and proteins as building material. This is likely to constitute a significant portion of the ants’ diet, in addition to diaspidid exuviae and excretions from the Malpighian tubules. Indeed,Melissotarsusworkers cannot walk outside the galleries due to modified middle legs, forcing them to obtain all nourishment within the tree.Melissotarsusfounding queens, however, must locate a suitable host tree while flying, and acquire diaspidid crawlers. This mutualism involves ants that are highly specialised to chew through living wood, and diaspidids that can also live freely outside the bark. It is extremely widespread in Africa and Madagascar, recorded from 20 tree families, and harmful effects on plant hosts require rapid study.

Efficacy of a postharvest spirotetramat spray against armoured scale insects on kiwifruit vines

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C McKenna ◽  
R Gaskin ◽  
D Horgan ◽  
S Dobson ◽  
Y Jia
Keyword(s):  
Scale Insects ◽  
Armoured Scale Insects

On new taxa and some described armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) living in the galleries of the ant Melissotarsus insularis Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2368 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAIR BEN-DOV
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Scale Insects ◽  
Armoured Scale Insects

Melissoaspis n.gen. is established for two species, namely Melissoaspis fisheri n. sp. and Melissoaspis reticulata n. sp., and a further new species is also described, Morganella formicaria n. sp. all from Madagascar. All the above-mentioned scale insects were collected from galleries of the ant Melissotarsus insularis Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on the trunk of various species of host plants in Madagascar. New data on the distribution, host plants and life history are given for Melanaspis madagascariensis Mamet, and for Morganella conspicua (Brain).

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