scholarly journals Linking biosecurity and biogeography

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M.K. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Island Biogeography ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Ecosystem Stability ◽  
Ecosystem Resilience ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
Theory Of Island Biogeography

The unfathomable complexity of species interactions within biological systems tempts us to impose tidy concepts in an effort to predict or explain how ecosystems react to perturbation through species extinction or invasion The Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography (ETIB) contends that islands are inherently at risk of both invasion and extinction of species The appealing logic of the ETIB and a general consensus that biodiversity is linked to ecosystem resilience ie that the loss of biodiversity will result in a loss of ecosystem stability have been cemented into mainstream ecology However the biodiversity ecosystem resilience debate is far from resolved The ETIB treats species as empirical entities and takes no account of how species interactions evolve to determine the way ecosystems function The Island Resource Allocation (IRA) hypothesis offers a testable alternative explanation of how ecosystems function and could be considered by biosecurity agencies in assessing ecological risk of introduced species

The theory of island biogeography and soundscapes: Species diversity and the organization of acoustic communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1901-1911
Author(s):  
Aloïs Robert ◽  
Thierry Lengagne ◽  
Martim Melo ◽  
Vanessa Gardette ◽  
Sacha Julien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Island Biogeography ◽  
Theory Of Island Biogeography

scholarly journals Saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin bioavailability increases in future oceans

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C. Roggatz ◽  
N. Fletcher ◽  
D.M. Benoit ◽  
A.C. Algar ◽  
A. Doroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Ecosystem Stability ◽  
Shellfish Poisoning ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Ph Increase

Increasing atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide are largely absorbed by the world’s oceans, decreasing surface water pH1. In combination with increasing ocean temperatures, these changes have been identified as a major sustainability threat to future marine life2. Interactions between marine organisms are known to depend on biomolecules, but the influence of oceanic pH on their bioavailability and functionality remains unexplored. Here we show that global change significantly impacts two ecological keystone molecules3 in the ocean, the paralytic toxins saxitoxin (STX) and tetrodotoxin (TTX). Increasing temperatures and declining pH increase the abundance of the toxic forms of these two neurotoxins in the water. Our geospatial global model highlights where this increased toxicity could intensify the devastating impact of harmful algal blooms on ecosystems in the future, for example through an increased incidence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP). We also use these results to calculate future saxitoxin toxicity levels in Alaskan clams, Saxidomus gigantea, showing critical exceedance of limits save for consumption. Our findings for TTX and STX exemplarily highlight potential consequences of changing pH and temperature on chemicals dissolved in the sea. This reveals major implications not only for ecotoxicology, but also for chemical signals mediating species interactions such as foraging, reproduction, or predation in the ocean with unexplored consequences for ecosystem stability and ecosystem services.

Independent Discovery of the Equilibrium Theory of Island Biogeography

Ecology ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1954-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
James H. Brown ◽  
Mark V. Lomolino
Keyword(s):  
Island Biogeography ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Theory Of Island Biogeography

Classics revisited: “Mammals on mountaintops: nonequilibrium insular biology” (The American Naturalist, 105: 467–478, 1971), by James H. Brown

2020 ◽  
pp. 030913332096066
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R Pansing
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Island Biogeography ◽  
Species Traits ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Theory Of Island Biogeography ◽  
American Naturalist ◽  
Small Mammal Species

James H. Brown’s “Mammals on mountaintops: nonequilibrium insular biogeography,” published in 1971 in The American Naturalist, documented distributional patterns of small mammal species in the mountaintop islands of the Great Basin, USA. Distributional patterns suggested that this island-like system was not in equilibrium and represented some of the first evidence contradicting the seminal Theory of Island Biogeography. Brown’s findings suggested that ecological and historical mechanisms were integral to community assembly and maintenance in island-like systems, broadening the focus of research related to biogeographical patterns in islands. The work further highlighted the importance of species traits on distributional patterns. Here, I review the paper and its contributions.

Conceptual Risk Framework: Integrating Ecological Risk of Introduced Species with Recipient Ecosystems

BioScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna F Probert ◽  
Darren F Ward ◽  
Jacqueline R Beggs ◽  
Sheng-Lin Lin ◽  
Margaret C Stanley
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
High Likelihood ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Risk Framework ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Potential Recipient

Abstract Global changes are predicted to facilitate the introduction, establishment, and spread of species into new environments leading to potential negative impacts on local biodiversity. Evaluating the risk associated with introduced species with a high likelihood of arrival, or species that have already been introduced, is therefore increasingly important. In the present article, we outline an operational framework to provide a basis for assessing the ecological risk of introduced species in order to facilitate justifiable management decisions. The framework integrates information based on both the species and the (potential) recipient ecosystems, using existing tools to guide pest managers through the stepwise process. This enables the prediction of high-risk species and the identification of those ecosystems most vulnerable to invasion, and facilitates understanding of the potential mechanisms and magnitude of pest impacts. The framework can be applied to different invasion scenarios to evaluate the risks and impacts of species.

scholarly journals THE THEORY OF ISLAND BIOGEOGRAPHY AT AGE 40

Evolution ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 3649-3651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore H. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Island Biogeography ◽  
Theory Of Island Biogeography

Extinction debt: origins, developments, and applications of a biogeographical trope

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
George P. Malanson
Keyword(s):  
Island Biogeography ◽  
General Systems Theory ◽  
Extinction Debt ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Heterogeneous Habitats ◽  
General Systems ◽  
Theory Of Island Biogeography ◽  
Remnant Habitat ◽  
Original Application ◽  
Direct Trade

The concept of the extinction debt has two components: a direct timelag between an environmental perturbation and the consequent extinction of a species and the idea that among species going extinct the strong competitors/weak colonizers go extinct first. Although the term was first used in 1994 in the context of metapopulation models, its roots go back to general systems theory and the theory of island biogeography. It has been qualified and elaborated since 1994, mostly in terms of the effects of spatial pattern on the outcomes. The strongest critiques of the concept emphasize that the direct trade-off between competition and colonization abilities is not simple. The original application was to remnant habitat patches, but it could be applied to spatially heterogeneous habitats that are subject to climate change or invasive species. As a guide to conservation practice, extinction debt remains a general cautionary principle rather than a specific prescription, but the raising of awareness is nevertheless significant.

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