The Marketing System of Exchange Between Regulatory and Political Entrepreneurs Engaging in Arbitrage

After receiving cease and desist letters in 2018, Bird strategically developed hospitable relationships with politicians that allowed the scooter-sharing firm to continue operating. Bird acts as a regulatory entrepreneur in seeking unfair legal treatment and the politicians brokering the legal deal as political entrepreneurs. The business models for unfairly changing or applying law represents entrepreneurial arbitrage. A mixed methods approach examines the structure of relationships between regulatory and political entrepreneurs through the Bootleggers and Baptists conceptual lens. Like Bird solving traffic and pollution problems for city leaders, Baptists served as a moral cover for illegal liquor vendors. Guided by a general systems theory, it is found that the micro-level, relational exchanges both assign value to as well as uses intellectual commodities to establish expectations guiding ongoing exchanges. Therefore, a marketing system is uncovered. This research also finds relationships structured by favors in sharp contrast to political markets governed by threats.

Regularization algorithm and its implementation in general systems theory and its implications in physics

In recent years a new physics known as complexity has emerged, whose fundamental structure is based on the general theory of systems or the so-called mathematical biology. There, problems arise with a large number of variables on which decisions must be made, and it is important to have selection techniques that are robust and efficient, In this research work, a couple of techniques are presented that will serve the aforementioned purpose; these are: the Lasso regularized linear regression technique and the Ridge regression technique, the latter with the slight difference in the penalty, since it makes use of a different rule than the Euclidean one, which implies very different consequences. One of these techniques was applied in a clinical problem and corresponds to the study of patients with diabetes. With this objective, the algorithm of descent of coordinates was implemented for the type of regularization loop and the analytical solution of regression of ridges. In addition, Kernels was used for the implementation of the regularized vector machine. The above algorithms were compared with the Ridge regularization and the Euclidean regularized vector machine. These types of techniques are common in physics, and it is vitally important to be able to implement other types of rules for a problem in which the choice of them can be simplified.

The results of marketing research on the options of a “smart” high-speed platform

Objective: To compose a portrait of a typical consumer for various optional lines of equipping a high- speed platform car (“smart” car) with an on-board telemetry system. Methods: The means and methods of marketing, rolling questioning, statistical processing of information, comparison, general systems theory, systemic and economic analyzes, logistics, terminology, visualization are used. Results: Optional lines have been developed for each variant of the technical design of the car, based on the results of processing the questionnaires of the respondents, a portrait of a typical consumer has been compiled; some recommendations on the composition of options in each version of the high-speed platform have been made. Practical importance: The results obtained can be applied when entering the market in terms of establishing optional lines for the design of a high-speed platform and cost. Further research should be aimed at a more detailed study of market segments with the development of the best price and functional-option solutions for the final target consumer.

Justification for the container station modification

Objective: Having studied the features of container train compositions and the container storage conditions in an open area, to propose measures for the station modification and perform a few calculations demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed measures. Me¬thods: Methods of the general systems theory, system and economic analysis, terminalistics, logistics, and railways opera-tional ma¬nagement have been applied. Results: Two alternative options for the development of a container station are proposed, considering the features of the logistics facilities’ evolution and the theory of terminalistics: extension of the railway track and widening the station for storing high-capacity containers by 20 meters. The technology of container train composition on station tracks is considered. The performance of container train composition is calculated taking into account the technology chan¬ging. Practical importance: The increased capacity of the container station opens up new opportunities for the development of a promising container traffic at the station under consideration and, consequently, for the growth of profitability of the terminal and logistics busi-ness of JSC Russian Railways. The study findings can be applied in the implementation of the con-cepts for the development of the container business of the Russian Railways Holding, the creation of a network of terminal and logistics centers in the Russian Federation, as well as in the design of individual elements of the terminal and warehouse infrastructure and optimization of the container train servicing processes.

The mathematical model of the system-oriented measuring instrument

Modern measuring instruments (MIs) are designed to obtain complete and reliable measuring information. To perform this important function, MIs must be of appropriate quality and must be reliably assessed. Using mathematical models simulate the operation of technical systems in order to decide on the optimization of its characteristics. As a result of the analysis of the model, the specific features of the studied processes and certain quantitative regularities are established. This allows to predict the processes in the system over time and determine their quantitative characteristics. The article presents the results of mathematical modeling of system-oriented measuring instruments as a system and its software as a subsystem using the apparatus of general systems theory. Such models with its graphical interpretation allow obtaining the necessary and useful information about the properties of the MIs as a technical system. The performed modeling makes it possible to describe the functioning of the MIs and to obtain a certain assessment of quality indicators.

Reconstruction of a railway station under changing conditions in passenger traffic

Objective: Drawing on the study of the situation in railway passenger traffic, to propose measures for the reconstruction of station M of the Murmansk transport hub and perform a consolidated estimate of the cost of implementing the proposed measures. Methods: The means and methods of general systems theory, system and economic analysis, terminalistics, logistics and management of the ope- rational work of railways are used. Results: Based on the results of the economic calculation, it was concluded that it is necessary to reconstruct the exhibition track N 2 to receive passenger trains of 25 cars and organize work with double-deck cars. A consolidated estimate of the cost of building an exhibition track N 2 has been made. Practical importance: Thanks to the increase in the useful track length, new opportunities will be opened for the development of promising passenger traffic at the station in question and, consequently, for an increase in the profit of the Russian Railways company. The results obtained can be applied in the implementation of the development concept of the Mur- mansk transport hub, in the design of individual elements and devices of the railway hub, as well as in the optimization of passenger service technology.

Parametricism, Heuristics and Co-Creation in the Arts of Design

In 2008, architect Patrick Schuhmacher, from Zaha Hadid Architects, proposed an architectural manifesto for the 21st century, extendable to other arts of design and even to other areas of technological and artistic activity in which the human factor is associated with creation: Parametricism. In the subsequent debate, problems such as those of a new style as produce of digital technologies, and the totalizing claims of a design theory based on Niklas Luhmann’s postulates on his General Systems theory, have been repeatedly discussed. In this article, the topics of the Parametricism manifesto associated with the human factor and creation in design in the current technological environments, have been extrapolated to its plausible revision from the heuristics discipline perspective and to a possible re-definition of the co-creation concept in the arts developed by the Informal Art Movement of the mid-XX Century.

Relational patterns in atlas cartography: educational-practical system of choropleth map

This article describes the relational concepts of modern “choropleth map relational pattern of atlas cartography”, presented as Educational-practical system of choropleth map (EPSCM). Such patterns and systems are needed to provide practically useful knowledge about thematic maps for the user groups such as: practical cartographers, students of cartographic specialties, developers of modern atlas systems and (maybe) unskilled users. In the work two kinds of choropleth map pattern relations are described. The epistemological (vertical) relations are defining repetitive relations between representations of choropleth map that exist in the three phases of choropleth map life cycle: research, development and operation. These phases correspond to the conceptual, application, and operational strata of choropleth map existence defined in work. Transformational (horizontal) relations describe repetitive relations that exist between the product (choropleth map) and the process of its creation on some specific Stratum. It is proved that necessary to deal with the socalled main triad of choropleth map solutions framework to achieve educational and practical purposes: products-processes of the current strata (eg, application) and their counterparts in the more highly organized strata (eg, conceptual). To prove the main results the reduction and abduction are used. The reduction is applied to obtain the structure of the solution from the more common solutions of atlas systems. Abduction is applied to (re)prove the validity of vertical and horizontal relations for practically useful choropleth map. As additional evidence is used induction: proposed analogy between the concepts of the choropleth map strata and levels of van Gigch’s general systems theory and Bunge’s metacartography.