Phenological and physicochemical evaluation of table grapes germplasm growing under arid subtropical climate of Pakistan

Gray and summer bunch rot are important diseases of table grapes due to the high economic and environmental cost of their control with synthetic fungicides. The ability to produce antifungal compounds against the causal agents Botrytis, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus of two microorganisms isolated from table grapes and identified as Hanseniaspora osmophila and Gluconobacter cerinus was evaluated. In dual cultures, both biocontrol agents (together and separately) inhibited in vitro mycelial growth of these pathogens. To identify the compounds responsible for the inhibitory effect, extractions were carried out with organic solvents from biocontrol agents separately. Through dual cultures with pathogens and pure extracts, only the hexane extract from H. osmophila showed an inhibitory effect against Botrytis cinerea. To further identify these compounds, the direct bioautography technique was used. This technique made it possible to determine the band displaying antifungal activity at Rf = 0.05–0.2. The compounds present in this band were identified by GC-MS and compared to the NIST library. The most abundant compounds, not previously reported, corresponded to alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and terpenoids. H. osmophila and G. cerinus have the potential to control the causal agents of gray and summer bunch rot of table grapes.

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Physiological response to heat stress and ingestive behavior of lactating Jersey cows in silvopasture and conventional pasture grazing systems in a Brazilian subtropical climate zone

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-021-02648-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Fernando Reimann Skonieski ◽

Edenilson Robson de Souza ◽

Luana Carolina Bachmann Gregolin ◽

Ana Carolina Fluck ◽

Olmar Antônio Denardin Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Physiological Response ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

Climate Zone ◽

Grazing Systems ◽

Jersey Cows

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Assessment and abatement of the eco-risk caused by mine spoils in the dry subtropical climate

Environmental Geochemistry and Health ◽

10.1007/s10653-021-00885-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexey V. Alekseenko ◽

Carsten Drebenstedt ◽

Jaume Bech

Keyword(s):

Soil Stabilization ◽

Dust Emission ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Risk Level ◽

Environmental Damage ◽

Subtropical Climate ◽

Environmental Threats ◽

Mine Spoils ◽

Mine Dumps ◽

Mine Lands

AbstractThe highly rugged mountainous land topography of the Novorossiysk industrial agglomeration (NW Caucasus, Krasnodar Krai, Russia) and arid climate limit the restoration abilities of disturbed mine lands. Abandoned waste-rock dumps of a marl quarry occupy an area of ca. 150,000 m2 next to the cement plant, residential districts, and a commercial seaport. To assess the eco-risk, topsoil horizons of urban and mine-site Technosols and background Rendzinas were sampled and analyzed; measurements of particulate matter fractions PM1, PM2.5, PM4, and PM10 were conducted throughout the agglomeration. Fugitive dust emission from the unreclaimed marl dumps raises the PM2.5 content in the air by a factor of 2.68 on average. The high sorption capacity of the fine eluvium results in the accumulation of urban emissions by the dust and contributes to the subsequent soil pollution; the Cumulative Pollution Index of pedochemical anomalies reaches the high-risk level over the areas of up to 5 km2. Environmental threats caused by the mine dumps can be assessed more reliably by means of land zoning based on accumulated environmental damage indicators and the debris flow and waterspout risk calculation. To abate the technogenic impact caused by the mine spoils, reclamation actions must be taken including soil stabilization on sensitive sites by application of geosynthetic cover, hydroseeding of the mixture of soil improvers and seeds of herbaceous plants on the slopes, and anti-erosion plantation of cades (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) and smoke trees (Cotinus coggygria Scop.) at subhorizontal surfaces.

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Salicylic acid and oxalic acid in enhancing the quality and extending the shelf life of grape cv. Thompson seedless

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/10820132211020612 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 108201322110206

Author(s):

TK Hazarika ◽

Tangkasil Marak

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Oxalic Acid ◽

Shelf Life ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Fungal Decay ◽

Grape Berries ◽

Overall Acceptability ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Acid Ratio

Postharvest life of table grapes is usually shortened by berry softening, berry drop, stem browning, fungal decay. Salicylic acid reduces fruit respiration and ethylene biosynthesis, during storage of fruits. Similarly, application of oxalic acid is a secure and hopeful postharvest handling technology for keeping quality and prolonging storage life of fruit. To study the effect of Salicylic acid and oxalic acid in enhancing the quality and extending the shelf life of grape, the present investigation was conducted. The grape berries were treated with Oxalic acid (OA) (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mM) and Salicylic acid (SA) (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM). The treatments were compared within 16th days at an interval of 4 days. Among the treatments, SA (2 mM) showed superiority in different quality attributing characters like physiological loss in weight (PLW), berry firmness, rachis browning, berry appearance, fungal decay, berry shattering, TSS, ascorbic acid, titratable acidity, total sugars, reducing sugars, TSS: acid ratio, taste, overall acceptability and shelf life. Hence, SA (2 mM) can be used as an effective strategy for maintaining quality of table grapes.

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