Продуктивность и хлебопекарные свойства ×Trititrigia cziczinii

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Любовь Петровна Иванова ◽  
Наталья Леонидовна Кузнецова ◽  
Ольга Ивановна Ермоленко ◽  
Ирина Николаевна Клименкова ◽  
Фёдор Иванович Клименков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Thinopyrum Intermedium ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Thinopyrum Ponticum

Многолетняя пшеница — трититригия, несущая гены своих родительских видов, в качестве которых использовали виды пырея Agropyron elongatum (Host) P. Beauv. [syn. Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Zhi W. Liu et R. R.-C. Wang] и A. glaucum (Desf. ex DC) Roem. and Schult. [syn. Thinopyrum intermedium (Host) Barkworth et D. R. Dewey] и сорта мягкой и твердой пшеницы (Triticum aestivum L. и T. durum Desf.) в различных комбинациях, унаследовала много положительных свойств своих родителей (многолетность, способность к отрастанию после уборки, более высокий показатели качества зерна — содержание белка, клейковины и т.д., устойчивость к неблагоприятным почвенно-климатическим условиям, ряду болезней). Для установления объективной оценки качественных показателей зерна трититригии в условиях центрального региона России в зоне рискованного земледелия изучены технологические и хлебопекарные показатели некоторых образцов данной культуры. При обычных условиях для роста и развития растений многолетняя пшеница накапливает в зерне значительное количество белка — 18 – 19 %. Анализ хлебопекарных достоинств трититригии показал, что основные показатели такие как внешний вид, пористость, объем хлеба, превышают показатели сорта озимой пшеницы Московская 39, используемого в качестве стандарта. Исследуемые образцы многолетней пшеницы (М 3202, ЗП 26,548, Памяти Любимовой) имели высокую хлебопекарную оценку — от 3,8 до 4,0 баллов соответственно, тогда как у стандарта Московская 39 общая оценка — 3,7 балла.

Inheritance of the blue aleurone trait in diverse wheat crosses

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Keppenne ◽  
P. S. Baenziger
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Doubled Haploidy ◽  
Wheat Lines

The blue aleurone trait has been suggested as a useful genetic marker in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, little information is available on its transmission in diverse backgrounds and on its use to identify hybrid seed. UC66049, a hexaploid spring wheat with a spontaneous translocation that included the gene for the blue aleurone trait (Ba) from Agropyron elongatum (Host) P.B. (synonymous with Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub), was crossed to seven wheat cultivars to test the transmission of the trait. UC66049 was crossed to male-sterile red wheat lines to evaluate the blue aleurone trait as a marker for confirming hybridity. Ba segregated as a dominant gene that was transmitted normally through the male and female gametes. For 6 of 7 crosses with diverse pedigrees, we experienced problems with misclassification of the aleurone color in the F2 seed generation, determined by the F3 seed family data. The blue aleurone trait is a good genetic marker; however, progeny testing may be needed to confirm the F2 genotypes in some environments or genetic backgrounds. Moreover, Ba is useful in determining the amount of controlled hybridity as opposed to self-fertility and (or) outcrossing in genetic male-sterile wheat lines. The use of Ba to confirm doubled haploidy was proposed.Key words: Agropyron elongatum, seed color, genetics, Triticum aestivum, Elytrigia pontica.

Complex genome rearrangements reveal evolutionary dynamics of pericentromeric regions in the Triticeae

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1628-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Qi ◽  
Bend Friebe ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genome Rearrangements ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Pericentric Inversions

Most pericentromeric regions of eukaryotic chromosomes are heterochromatic and are the most rapidly evolving regions of complex genomes. The closely related genomes within hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD), as well as in the related Triticeae taxa, share large conserved chromosome segments and provide a good model for the study of the evolution of pericentromeric regions. Here we report on the comparative analysis of pericentric inversions in the Triticeae, including Triticum aestivum, Aegilops speltoides , Ae. longissima, Ae. searsii, Hordeum vulgare , Secale cereale , and Agropyron elongatum . Previously, 4 pericentric inversions were identified in the hexaploid wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ (‘CS’) involving chromosomes 2B, 4A, 4B, and 5A. In the present study, 2 additional pericentric inversions were detected in chromosomes 3B and 6B of ‘CS’ wheat. Only the 3B inversion pre-existed in chromosome 3S, 3Sl, and 3Ss of Aegilops species of the Sitopsis section, the remaining inversions occurring after wheat polyploidization. The translocation T2BS/6BS previously reported in ‘CS’ was detected in the hexaploid variety ‘Wichita’ but not in other species of the Triticeae. It appears that the B genome is more prone to genome rearrangements than are the A and D genomes. Five different pericentric inversions were detected in rye chromosomes 3R and 4R, 4Sl of Ae. longissima, 4H of barley, and 6E of Ag. elongatum. This indicates that pericentric regions in the Triticeae, especially those of group 4 chromosomes, are undergoing rapid and recurrent rearrangements.

METAPHASE I PAIRING FREQUENCIES OF INDIVIDUAL AGROPYRON ELONGATUM CHROMOSOME ARMS WITH TRITICUM CHROMOSOMES

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Diploid Hybrid ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Metaphase I

Ten telocentric chromosomes of diploid Agropyron elongatum (Host.) P.B. (2n = 14) were added to the chromosome complement of Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell. The ditelosomic additions were crossed with Triticum speltoides (Tausch) Gren. ex Richter, and in the tetraploid hybrids the pairing frequencies of the telosomes were determined, expressed as percent of PMC's in which a telosome paired at metaphase I. All Agropyron telosomes paired with Triticum chromosomes. The pairing frequencies ranged from 4.4% to 41.2% of the PMC's, it is concluded that none of the ten Agropyron chromosome arms has a homologous partner among the four Triticum genomes involved. The pairing frequencies did not correlate with the lengths of the telosomes. Pairing of the Agropyron telosomes in these tetraploid hybrids approximated the chromosome pairing that occurred in a diploid hybrid T. tauschii (Coss.) Schmal. (the donor of the D genome of T. aestivum) × A. elongatum.

HOMOEOLOGY BETWEEN AGROPYRON ELONGATUM CHROMOSOMES AND TRITICUM AESTIVUM CHROMOSOMES

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Male Gametophyte ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Group ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Genetic Compensation

Genetic compensation of Agropyron chromosomes for wheat chromosomes in the male gametophyte and compensation of Agropyron chromosomes for wheat chromosomes in disomic substitutions were used to investigate relationships between the chromosomes of Agropyron elongatum (Host.) P.B. (2n = 2x = 14) and Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell. (2n = 6x = 42). Gametophytic compensation indicated that A. elongatum chromosomes I, II, III, IV, and VII were related to wheat chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1, 7, 4, 3, and 6, respectively, and were designated 1E, 7E, 4E, 3E, and 6E. Chromosomes V and VI appeared to be related to homoeologous group 2. Other analyses showed that chromosomes V and VI originated from arm exchanges between chromosome 2E and other Agropyron chromosomes. An unaltered disome of Agropyron chromosome 2E was added to the wheat chromosome complement. In the disomic substitutions Agropyron chromosomes 1E, 6E, and 7E compensated for all three wheat homoeologues of the respective homoeologous groups. Chromosome 4E fully compensated for chromosome 4D but only partially for chromosomes 4A and 4B. Chromosomes V and VI compensated poorly or not at all for wheat chromosomes of group 2.

INDUCED PAIRING BETWEEN A WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) AND AN AGROPYRON ELONGATUM CHROMOSOME

1981 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yasumuro ◽  
R. Morris ◽  
D. C. Sharma ◽  
J. W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Transfer Genes ◽  
I Cells

A study was initiated to transfer genes for stem- and leaf-rust resistance from a chromosome (designated 6Ag) of Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv to a homoeologous chromosome (6D) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. aestivum group) by inducing pairing between 6Ag and 6D in the absence of the Ph gene on wheat chromosome 5B. Plants monosomic for SB, 6D and 6Ag were crossed with Chinese Spring nullisomic-5B tetrasomic-5D or with Chinese Spring monosomic or trisomic for SB with an induced mutation, phlb, of the Ph locus. Tests of 282 offspring in the seedling stage for reaction to the stem rust pathogen, Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. &E. Henn. race 56 or 15B-2, were used to identify 70 plants with 6Ag, which was transmitted through 25% of the female gametes. Meiotic observations on 51 of these plants indicated that six were monosomic for 6D and 6Ag, but lacked an entire 5B or had 5B with the phlb mutation. The frequency of metaphase I cells with pairing between 6D and 6Ag averaged 4.94% in three plants that were nullisomic for 5B and 2.48% in two plants that had a single dose of 5B with the phlb mutation.

Locating the Agropyron segment in wheat–Agropyron transfer no. 12

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Eizenga
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Puccinia Recondita ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Transfer Lines ◽  
Puccinia Recondita Tritici

Twelve lines of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were originally identified as having a segment of Agropyron elongatum chromatin carrying a gene for resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia recondita tritici) transferred to wheat chromosome 7D. By studying the chromosome pairing of one of these lines, transfer no. 12, with telosomes 7AL, 7AS, 7BL, 7BS, 7DL, 7DS, and 7AgS, it was determined that the Agropyron chromatin was carried on the long arm of wheat chromosome 7A rather than 7D. This determination was confirmed by acetocarmine–N-banding. Key words: Triticum aestivum, Agropyron elongatum, transfer lines, Puccinia recondita tritici, telosomic analysis.

Transmission of a chromosome from decaploid Agropyron elongatum that confers resistance to the wheat curl mite in common wheat

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. P. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Alien Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Wheat Curl Mite ◽  
Aceria Tulipae ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Meiotic Analyses

One of the group 6 chromosomes from Agropyron elongatum (Host) Beauv. confers resistance to colonization by the wheat curl mite (Aceria tulipae Keifer). The transmission of this chromosome was evaluated when added to or substituted for the group 6 homoeologues in two cultivars of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Female transmission of the alien chromosome was similar for all substitutions (8.9%) but significantly less than expected. Male transmission (39.7%) differed among the substituted chromosomes and also was lower than expected except for the substitution involving chromosome 6A. These reduced transmission frequencies were reflected in lower than expected resistance in the F2 progeny. Both male (14.5%) and female (5.2%) transmission of the alien chromosome were reduced in monosomic additions. Meiotic analyses detected all expected F2 cytotypes but some of their frequencies differed among the substituted chromosomes. A possible wheat –alien translocation was detected in BC1F1 progeny.Key words: Agropyron elongatum, Thinopyrum, Elytrigia, Lyphopyrum, wheat curl mite, chromosome substitution.

IDENTITY OF THE WHEAT CHROMOSOMES REPLACED BY AGROPYRON CHROMOSOMES IN A TRIPLE ALIEN CHROMOSOME SUBSTITUTION LINE IMMUNE TO WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruby I. Larson ◽  
T. G. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus ◽  
Substitution Line ◽  
Alien Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Substitution ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Chromosome Substitution Line

A derivative of Triticum aestivum L. emend Thell. cultivar Rescue3 (2n = 42) × Agropyron elongatum (Host.) Beauv. (2n = 70) is immune to wheat streak mosaic virus Marmor virgatum McK., has 21 pairs of chromosomes, and hybridizes readily with wheat. By crossing with lines ditelosomic for known chromosomes it was determined that Agropyron chromosomes have replaced wheat chromosomes 4D, 5D, and 6D. In growth habit the immune line is like Rescue, but its long slender spikes, absence of awns, and small, slender, blue seeds resemble Agropyron.

The effects of level of 2,4-D and time in culture on regeneration rate and chromosome numbers of regenerants from calli of the hybrid Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring ph1b × Thinopyrum ponticum (2n = 10x = 70)

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bai ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Callus Culture ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Regeneration Rate ◽  
Thinopyrum Ponticum

Thinopyrum ponticum (Podp.) Barkworth &D. R. Dewey (2n = 10x = 70) has excellent resistance for both leaf and stem rusts. Long-term callus cultures were established from the immature embryos of a hybrid between Triticum aestivum L. (2n = 6x = 42) × Th. ponticum. They were maintained in culture for over 2 years and continued to grow and have organogenetic capacity. With increasing time on a maintenance medium, the plant regeneration rates of the hybrid calli decreased when transferred to regeneration media containing 0.1, 0.2, or 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D, but the rate of decrease was much higher at 0.5 mg/L than at either 0.1 or 0.2 mg/L 2,4-D. After 3 months of subculture, the highest plant regeneration rate was obtained on the medium containing 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D (1.11 plantlets/callus), while on the 24th month of subculture the highest plant regeneration rate was obtained on the medium containing 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D (0.20 plantlets/callus). Thus, it was shown that as the calli aged it was important to reduce the level of 2,4-D in the regeneration medium. Over 2 years, a total of 667 regenerants were successfully transferred and grown to maturity. Chromosome numbers in root-tip cells were determined for 539 regenerants and ranged from 36 to 70. Telocentric chromosomes were frequent. A fertile plant was found among the regenerants after 15 months of subculture. It had 56 chromosomes with 2.15 (1–6) univalents, 22.76 (17–26) closed bivalents, 3.55 (1–9) open bivalents, and 0.41 (0–3) trivalents and was highly resistant to stem rust race 15B-1. Callus culture of wide hybrids can be used to introgress characters from alien species into wheat.Key words: wheat, callus culture, long-term regeneration, wide hybridization.

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